From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Wed Nov 1 09:23:18 1995 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 95 11:25:16 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: RACE AND SOCIAL CONTROL Race, a socially constructed means of social control, serves to perpetuate economic, social, political, psychological, religious, ideological and legal systems of inequality. If you could imagine s series of concentric circles, each labled according to the above list (add more if you can think of them), which serve to define, structure and limit the black experience - then the conceptualization of race will be realized. As concentric circles, these constraints appear to be much like a bird cage. To the causual observer, each wire does not appear to be sufficient in and of itself to retain the bird. But when viewed from either within or as a whole we see a finely constructed cage. The problem, from a pedogogical, policy, research, or activist perspective, is that we tend to concentrate on only one wire-or phemenon. Removal of which leads to great anticipation that the war has been won. Unfortunately, while even more insideous wires are being constructed, the others are left in tact. As with our discussion re: terminology. The deeper we go, the more we see. Race is a multi-layered, multi-dimensional janus headed beast which, although socially constructed, has a momentum of its own. The beast has a life of its own primarily because we (all of us) are indoctrinated from birth, emershed in this viscious interacting web of confusion. The most viscious aspect of this emersion is the acceptance of the permanance of the structure(s) that we call race. Part of this is belied by such notions as its immutability, its endurance (its always been this way, right ---wrong!!!) and its continual agility. Racial domination as a means of social control appears to be quite agile or adept at adjusting to changing social climates. When under attack, it can be found deeply submerged in the societal psyche. As conditions change, as new presures insist upon a sacrificial lamb, it re-emerges - fresh, clean and newly adorned. more on this later..... i still be me...rodney c and the struggle continues... UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From DIARMUID@bullwinkle.econ.su.oz.au Tue Oct 31 22:59:36 1995 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4 for ); Wed, 1 Nov 1995 16:59:24 +1100 Wed, 1 Nov 95 17:00:26 +1000 From: "Diarmuid Maguire" Organization: Faculty of Economics, Sydney Uni. To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 17:00:15 +1000 Subject: (Fwd) nationalism conference ------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- From: "Diarmuid Maguire" Organization: Faculty of Economics, Sydney Uni. To: Diarmuid Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 18:54:12 +1000 Subject: nationalism conference ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sydney University -- Department of Government Call for papers >From 15-17 July the Department of Government at the University of Sydney will be hosting a conference dealing with the issues that surround NATIONALISM. We are interested in some of the more recent research on this question and would like to stimulate debate on some of the key themes such as: -- Australia's changing national identity -- The issues raised by revolutionary nationalism -- The impact of neo-fascism on the development of nationalism in America, Europe and elsewhere -- The development of religious nationalism in its modern guise -- Colonialism and de-colonialism -- Indigenous people and their fight for survival -- The role of women and their links to the nation -- Nationalism versus Internationalism -- which force is winning? -- Is nationalism an identity like any other? -- How have scholars sought to identify the nation and nationality in the light of recent historical experience? These themes could then be taken up by studying the experiences of particular countries thus allowing for discussion in a comparative and international context. Proposals for papers, which should include a title, a brief abstact (no more than 200 words), should reach the conference convenor no later than 27 February 1996. Ph.D students whose work is well advanced are also urged to submit. Dr Diarmuid Maguire (Conference Convenor) Department of Government University of Sydney NSW 2006 AUSTRALIA Phone: International + 2 351 2082 (also Voice Mail) Fax: International + 2 351 3624 E-Mail: Diarmuid@sue.econ.su.oz.au From rturner@ua1ix.ua.edu Wed Nov 1 13:27:18 1995 Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 14:29:17 -0600 (CST) From: Ronald Turner Subject: Re: RACE AND SOCIAL CONTROL To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu I found your discussion of race and control interesting and agree with virtually all of your points. Do you have any thoughts or views on whether there is a, or the, Black experience as opposed to Black experiences? In my writings on race in the labor and employment law context, I have noted the need to refer to Black communities and perspectives as a way of debunking the myth of a monolithic Black community, even though it is indisputably true that the experience of being Black in America has a commonality that cannot be denied. From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Wed Nov 1 13:43:13 1995 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 95 15:45:12 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies Subject: RACE and SOCIAL CONTROL On Wed, 1 Nov 1995 14:29:17 -0600 (CST) Ronald wrote: >I found your discussion of race and control interesting and agree with >virtually all of your points. Do you have any thoughts or views on >whether there is a, or the, Black experience as opposed to Black >experiences? In my writings on race in the labor and employment law >context, I have noted the need to refer to Black communities and >perspectives as a way of debunking the myth of a monolithic Black >community, even though it is indisputably true that the experience of being >Black in America has a commonality that cannot be denied. > Ronald: There are indeed multiple black communities, realities, and experiences. This however, in my view, does not prevent us to discuss the generic Black experience in america. But we, as you indicated, must be aware that this "experience" is comprised of many experiences which are social in nature. Simply from a historical perspective, the experience of blacks under French vs. English vs. Spanish colonial rule in the Americas was radically different. The socio-historical context associated with these differences account for differences in contemporary race-relations in these areas. Alternatively, the expereinces of blacks in the northern colonies vs. southern colonies vs. canada are equally different and distinct. This type of complexity tends to be ignored and hence problematical for many analysist/ theorists/ and policy makers. UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 ===== From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Wed Nov 1 14:22:07 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 15:23:14 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: EU on Racism & Xenophobia Note from REVS Editor: The following message was posted on the anti-racism-eur-l network. It has information that may be of interest to REVS listmembers. (Alan Spector) Forwarded message follows: ------------------------------ From: DEBRA@OLN.comlink.apc.org (Debra Guzman) Date: Wed, 01 Nov 1995 17:58:00 +0100 To: antiracism-eur-l@sonne.comlink.apc.org Subject: EU on Racism & Xenophobia ## author : Bebecee@aol.com ## date : 26.10.95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT SESSION NEWS PRESS RELEASE DOCUMENT DATE: OCTOBER 25, 1995 + Racism and xenophobia (B4-1201/95, B4-1202/95) + Wednesday, 25 October - Introducing questions from the civil liberties committee Arie Oostlander (Nl, EPP) said it was necessary to establish rules to develop an EU strategy against racism and xenophobia, which could include a ban on racist publications and common sanctions. A change in the Treaty to include the fight against racism was another priority, thought Mr Oostlander. He also urged the Council to bring the Consultative Committee on Racism and Xenophobia under EU competence. Concerned at the continued expansion of extreme right wing parties in Austria and other EU countries, Glyn Ford (Greater Manchester East, PES) reiterated the demand for a Treaty change. He said this was absolutely essential if the EU was going to make gains in the fight against racism. Another priority for Mr Ford was a race relations directive. He was disappointed that the final report of the Consultative Committee on Racism and Xenophobia had been left on the table at the Cannes Summit. Replying for the Council, Carlos Westendorp, told MEPs that the possibility of a European observatory was being considered, with a report due to go to the Madrid Summit. Otherwise, EU justice ministers would be considering a proposal for joint action on criminal sanctions against racism. The Social Affairs Ministers had also adopted a resolution on the fight against racism, while Education Ministers had agreed a resolution on the role of the education system. Mr Westendorp also informed MEPs that a great majority of the IGC Reflections Group which, he chairs, favoured a clear reference in the new Treaty in the shape of an article against racism. For Commissioner Padraig Flynn racism was an evil that had no place in civilised society. He believed there was a need for clear action at EU level, recalling the separate resolutions against discrimination adopted by the Social Affairs Council in October and at the recent Florence Social Summit. He promised that the Commission would shortly be producing a communication on the fight against racism, including an action plan. His announcement that the Commission would also be proposing 1997 as the European Year against Racism was warmly welcomed by MEPs. Finally, he said that the Commission would continue to press for specific powers to combat discrimination, including a directive on racism. He wanted to see this matter included in the Treaty at the next IGC. The speakers for the main groups backed the need for positive action against racism, including a Treaty change and sufficient appropriations in the EU budget. Jan Wiebenga (Nl, ELDR) warned that the time-bomb of racism continued to tick, while Claudia Roth (D, Greens) called for full citizenship for all people living in the EU as a way of fighting racism. Allan Macartney (North East Scotland, ERA) thanked Padraig Flynn, in Gaelic, for his intention to designate 1997 as the European year against racism. Warning of fears about the EU turning into a 'white Europe', Mr Macartney felt the EU Treaty should guarantee the freedom of all people regardless of origin or colour. A different line was taken by Karel Dillen (B, Ind) who, while condemning racism as an evil, said Europeans had the right to prevent the colonisation of Europe by Asians and Africans. Repatriation, he saw, as the solution. Michael Elliott (London West, PES) felt it was appropriate for the EU to take positive action against racism as racist groups were now organising themselves at a European level. He backed the need for EU race relations legislation. Turning then to a report in today's Guardian newspaper which claims that the UK Government is planning further controls on asylum seekers from countries such as Nigeria and Algeria, Mr Elliott described the proposal as 'innately racist'. Winding up the debate, Padraig Flynn welcomed MEPs' support for his plan to include a reference to non-discrimination in the Treaty. When pressed by Glyn Ford, he said he would prefer this to fall under the EU's competence in the first 'Pillar', although others may take a different view, he added. Vote on Thursday at 10 a.m. From fredr@hawaii.edu Wed Nov 1 16:21:45 1995 Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 11:57:02 -1000 Sender: Fred Riggs From: Fred Riggs To: Diarmuid Maguire Subject: Re: (Fwd) nationalism conference In-Reply-To: <4DBB024829@bullwinkle.econ.su.oz.au> Dear Diarmuid: Thanks for the information about your conference. I'd like to forward it to ETHNIC-L, a network of which REVS is a member, through which information about conferences, research and teaching programs, publications, etc. that relate to ethnicity (including nationalism, refugees) are re-distributed on a global bnasis. I assume you would like me to do this, but please let me know. Let me add on a personal level that I have been doing research for some time on the historical dimensions of ethnonationalism as a rising and major phenomenon in the world today. We need to see that the rise of "state nationalism" whereby centralizing states like France, UK, Germany, Italy, and America used a "melting pot" approach to build nations after states had been launched contrasts with the pervasive rise of "ethnic nationalism" in the wake of the collapse of the empires these modern industrializing states created. The successor states of the collapsed empires contain multi-national mixtures and segments of divided nations each of which, potentially, can mobililze as would-be sovereign states. Ethnic nationalism involves the effort to transform nations into states, whereas state nationalism sought to transform states into nations. It's a fundamental difference which gets obscured when we just speak of "nationalism" without distinguishing between these fundamentally different forms. Incidentally, the former led to inter-imperial wars culminating in the two great Wars of the 20th century, and the Cold War. I think we will not see any more such great wars -- but we will see a host of "turmoils" (involving terrorism, gangsterism, and ethnonational wars) that arise locally but can spread and generate external interventions, but without conquests in the traditional form -- contrast the contemporary case of Somalia (or Bosnia) with that of Poland when it was partitioned between neighboring empires. If you are interested in seeing some of the papers I've written on this subject, I'll be glad to send them to you. I'm only sorry it will not be possible for me to come to your conference. All best wishes, Fred ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FRED W. RIGGS, Professor Emeritus Political Science Department, University of Hawaii 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. Phone: (808) 956-8123 Fax: (808) 956-6877 e-mail: FREDR@HAWAII.EDU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Century-old Cosmopolitan Club motto: ABOVE ALL NATIONS IS HUMANITY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Fri Nov 3 11:54:18 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Fri, 3 Nov 1995 12:55:39 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Forward: Refugees and Intervention To REVS listmembers >From Alan Spector (REVS editor) The following message was forwarded from Fred Riggs to another e-mail network. It has information that may be of interest to REVS listmembers. Fred Riggs' message follows, after which is the original message from Kurt Mills ========================================= Colleagues: Increasingly, I believe, the movement of refugees and settlers, both within and across state boundaries, has become associated with ethnonational conflicts, both as domestic crises and the focus of international intervention. With this in mind, I have prepared a draft paper on "Migration and Ethnonationalism" for presenatation next April, in San Diego, at a panel sponsored by the new section for "Ethnicity, Nationalism and Migration" of the International Studies Association -- I'd be glad to airmail a copy to anyone willing to help me revise and improve this draft. With this in mind, I am forwarding herewith a notice from Kurt Mills about his special issue of the journal, Refuge, that will focus on problems involving "Refugees and Intervention." I have urged him to bring the complementary problems associated with settlers into the scope of his special issue -- as the situation in Palestine currently illustrates, settlers may both hamper peace accords and become future refugees -- as they have in Algeria, Ireland, Uganda, and some republics of the former Soviet Union. This information is forwarded with the permission of Prof. Mills who invites you to spread the word and invite anyone interested to submit proposals to him. If you are on the ETHNIC-L list, please remember that you may send relevant items of information directly to all other subscribers. The list will help you only if you help the list. Aloha, Fred ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 31 Oct 1995 08:18:26 -1000 From: Kurt Mills Subject: CFP: Refugees and Intervention CALL FOR PAPERS The Centre for Refugee Studies will publish a special issue of Refuge on "Refugees and Intervention" in March 1996. The issue will deal with topics such as: * What role have refugees played in instances of international intervention? * When have mass refugee flows or potential refugee flows been the main impetus for intervention? * Have the humanitarian or security aspects of refugees been paramount in intervention? * Under what conditions should the international community undertake intervention to prevent or mitigate refugee producing situations, protect refugees, and deal with the transborder effects of refugees? Papers on these and related issues are invited for consideration. Deadline for article submission is January 10, 1996. Articles should not exceed 16 double spaced pages in length (about 4,000 words). All submissions should include a 150 word abstract. Short papers of 750 to 1,000 words are also welcome. Submissions should be sent on disk or by email. Word 5.1 for Macintosh is preferred, although other formats will also be accepted. This special issue is being guest edited by Kurt Mills. For further details, please contact: Kurt Mills Guest Editor, Refuge Centre for Refugee Studies York University North York, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3 Tel: (416) 736-5663 Fax: (416) 736-5837 email: kmills@yorku.ca From niall@conflict.incore.ulst.ac.uk Fri Nov 3 06:19:21 1995 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4); Fri, 3 Nov 1995 13:05:46 GMT Date: Fri, 3 Nov 1995 13:05:46 +0000 (GMT) From: Niall O Dochartaigh To: eth-net@cms.cc.wayne.edu, revs@csf.colorado.edu, slnet@lacnet.org Subject: INCORE guide to Internet sources on the conflict in Sri Lanka INCORE has added a guide to internet sources on the conflict in Sri Lanka to the INCORE web-server at http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/ INCORE is the joint INitiative on COnflict Resolution and Ethnicity of the United Nations University and the University of Ulster. _______________________________________________ Niall O Dochartaigh Research Officer - INCORE United Nations University/University of Ulster Coleraine, Co. Derry N. Ireland BT52 1SA niall@incore.ulst.ac.uk http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/ ---------------------------------------------- From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Fri Nov 3 12:42:44 1995 Date: Fri, 03 Nov 95 14:43:09 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies Subject: [Fwd: Re: Fwd: Terminology (fwd)] =========BEGIN FORWARDED MESSAGE========= > Received: from SpoolDir by CASSERVER1 (Mercury 1.21); 3 Nov 95 11:18:16 -5 > Return-path: <@MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU:owner-abslst-l@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU> > Received: from MIAMIU.ACS.MUOHIO.EDU by casmail.muohio.edu (Mercury 1.21); > 3 Nov 95 11:18:10 -5 > with TCP; Fri, 03 Nov 95 11:15:14 EST > Received: From MU_SUPPORT/WORKQUEUE by pmail.acs.muohio.edu > via Charon-4.0-VROOM with IPX id 100.951103111546.448; > 03 Nov 95 11:16:13 +500 > Message-ID: > Received: From rose.muohio.edu by pmail.acs.muohio.edu > 03 Nov 95 11:15:24 +500 > Received: from cmuvm.csv.cmich.edu by rose.muohio.edu (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) > Received: from CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU by CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU (LISTSERV release > 1.8b) with NJE id 0062 for ABSLST-L@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU; Fri, 3 Nov > 1995 09:52:10 -0500 > TCP; Fri, 03 Nov 95 09:51:35 EST > Received: from [134.53.15.132] by rose.muohio.edu (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id > X-Mailer: Rodney Coates's PMMail v1.1 > Date: Fri, 3 Nov 1995 09:53:37 EST > Reply-To: Rodney Coates > Sender: Association of Black Sociologists > From: Rodney Coates > Subject: Re: Fwd: Terminology (fwd) > Edari I know it was not intended but implicit in your statement that:there is nothing peculiarly "black"in the way most of the African American people in America speak. This isa product of both their creative impulses as human beings, as well as a reflection of the oppression which also left its legacy in the way they speak. The way blacks speak does reflect this but much more: The language is a blend of African/European and American influences...A creative response to oppression yes...but it is distinctive..."peculiarly black" Utilizing the language of the oppressor, transforming it to suit our particular needs, and making it-through this transformation truely our own...whether we take the Slave code "Go Down Moses, Way over Jordan, Get Up Children" expressed in song to express not only yearnings but to pass on messages and maps to freedom, or the Black Greek step shows where African rhythems and dance are perserved, or current day Rap....I gotta get up so I can get down so I can get over....Black rhetorical/ oratorical styles from Frederick Dopublass, Angela Davis, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, jr... are quite peculiar and unique. If we take either Gospel, soul, Blues, Jazz...we see the call and response traditions of African discourse retained, while molded to the black experience(s) of America... Black is more then a skin color, it is a way of life...It is a political statement of actualization, it is a call to action, it is the pain of our past and the hope for our future...it is the essence of our being... Soul food --as with all food--is expression of our existence, resistence, resilency...if life gives you lemons then you make lemonaide...yes a part of this cuisine reflects the fact that what we developed a taste for were unwanted by whites...but others such as Pancakes, southern fried chicken, etc...reflect our continuity with our African past... Black musicians, opposed to using the white keys on the piano, made new music by concentrating on the black cords...Black preachers,understanding the coruption of the Bible by white daemons poising as clerics, interpreted the word for themselvews and their flock...helping them to see through the lies...producing a unique form of sermon...as always...blending the old, with the foreign and making it fresh... Black folks, in white face, wearing black face...imitated whites imitating blacks...its nothing wrong with being black but it can be terribly uncomfortable at times....Bo Jangles...facing tremendous pressure...still under such...created a unique dance style...which was uniquely black... Katherine Dunham, taking African and Carribean dance styles...on a white stage...transformed modern dance...and created the first broadway dance themes...Afro_Carribean dance owes its existence to this leader...and it is verry verry black... Black is a creative response to denial, rejection, paronoia, racism, separation, and segregation...but it is not victimization...but actualization, it is not denial of our identity but an affirmation of our existence...we are black...we are black...and it is who we are.... i still be me...rodney c and the struggle continues... =========END FORWARDED MESSAGE========= UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From pesic+@pitt.edu Fri Nov 3 16:44:56 1995 Fri, 3 Nov 1995 18:43:08 -0500 (EST) Date: Fri, 3 Nov 1995 18:43:07 -0500 (EST) From: "Slobodan M. Pesic" Subject: WP Appeal of Conscience To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studie ================================================================= This posting is provided to the individual members of this group without permission from the copyright owner for purposes of criticism, comment, scholarship and research under the "fair use" provisions of the Federal copyright laws and it may not be distributed further without permission of the copyright owner, except for "fair use". ================================================================= Washington Post Nov. 02, 1995 AN APPEAL OF CONSCIENCE TO THE LEADERS OF BOSNIA- HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA AND SERBIA TO WORK FOR PEACE, AND TO SEE THIS WORK AS A RESPONSIBILITY BEFORE HISTORY, BEFORE THEIR PEOPLES, AND ULTIMATELY BEFORE GOD True faith stands for peace. Whatever our differences, this has been our common ground since the Appeal of Conscience Foundation conferences in Bern, Istanbul and Vienna. The declarations we adopted proclaim that "a crime in the name of religion is the greatest crime against religion." This call elicited worldwide support from statesmen and religious leaders of different faiths. Most recently, we received messages from Presidents Izetbegovic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Milosevic of Serbia and Tudjman of Croatia encouraging our religious commitment to peace and search for reconciliation. Today, we salute President Clinton for bringing together in Dayton Ohio, the three Presidents in search of a peaceful solution. On this day, we ask all men and women of goodwill to pray that these leaders be granted the wisdom to find the way to peace. Next Friday, Saturday and Sunday, in churches, synagogues and mosques, let us pray that the people who have suffered the agonies of war will be free to enjoy the peace that is rightfully theirs. His Eminence Cardinal Franjo Kuharic, Archbishop of Zagreb, President of Catholic Bishops Conference of Croatia. His Holiness Patriarch Pavle, Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church. His Excellency Dr. Mustafa Ceric, Rais ul Ulema of Bosnia-Herzegovina. His Eminence Cardinal Vinko Puljic, Archbishop of Sarajevo, President of Catholic Bishops, Conference of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Rabbi Arthur Schneier, President, Appeal of Conscience Foundation. _______________________________________________________________________________ From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 4 03:15:23 1995 Date: Sat, 4 Nov 1995 03:15:18 -0700 (MST) From: Robert Johnson To: REVS@CSF.COLORADO.EDU Subject: Cree land in Quebec G R A N D C O U N C I L O F C R E E S ( Q U E B E C ) Submission to the COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Working Group on Indigenous Populations Fourth Session Geneva July 1985 RIGHT TO LAND AND TO NATURAL RESOURCES The Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec represents the nine Cree communities that comprise the Cree Nation in Quebec, Canada. These Cree Bands have since time immemorial lived in the sub- arctic region of the Eastern shore of James Bay. We are indigenous people who hunt, fish, and trap as a way of life. In the early 1970's the Government of Quebec, a provincial government within Canada, began the construction of a major hydro- electric project that would flood a large part of our land and would destroy, through the development of industrial activity, our traditional way of life. The work was started without our approval and without any consultation or discussion with us. When we raised objections and expressed fears regarding the loss of our land and our way of life we were told that officially both the Government of Canada and the Government of Quebec considered us "squatters"; that we had no title to the land and that as a consequence we had no right to occupy the land. With great difficulty and expense we brought this matter before the judicial system, and, while construction continued on our land, argued in court for almost a year to prove that we had never surrendered our land. We won in one court only to be overruled by a higher court that said our indigenous rights were subject to the "balance of convenience" of the large immigrant population to the South that wanted electricity. Only because of the threat of a legal appeal by the Crees, Canada and Quebec agreed to negotiate Cree land claims with the Grand Council of the Crees of Quebec. However, during the negotiations the construction continued; the land was transformed and many of the people were forced to find a new kind of livelihood. The Crees realized that they were being forced to change their way of life, and that even the most favorable legal decision would not bring back the land and animals that were being destroyed by the hydro-electric project. Under these circumstances we tried in our negotiations with Canada and Quebec to minimize the damage to our people and to our way of life. Canada and Quebec were unwilling to share even a small part of the great wealth from the sale of electricity produced by the dams. Our major interest was to preserve as much as possible our traditional life of hunting, fishing and trapping. Even our requests to continue with these kinds of activity were opposed during the negotiations. Eventually we won limited rights to continue traditional activities; but some of the rivers we had fished were now dry, while the newly created lakes were contaminated with mercury. Faced with the inevitability of the changes that were being forced upon us, we attempted in the negotiations to establish the basis for a Cree community where there would be a viable choice between continuing a traditional life on the land, or participation in the new wage earning economy that was being imposed. The Crees fought for an environmental protection regime, protected hunting and fishing rights, and certain modifications in the project. But we also wanted Cree controlled educational facilities, and access to modern Cree controlled health services. It may seem strange for a land claims settlement to be used to establish a Cree School Board or a Cree Health Board, but this was the only opportunity we had to alleviate the harm caused to our people be the sub-standard education, and poor or non existent health care provided to Indians by the Canadian government. We wanted to be sure that the Cree communities which would now be occupied throughout the year would have proper houses, clean water, and sanitary services. We also wanted a commitment from Canada and Quebec that Cree children growing up in this new urbanized society would have at least the same opportunities as other Canadians. Finally, as the first inhabitants of this land, a sense of natural justice led us to the conclusion that we should be beneficiaries in the resources that the land provides. In 1975 the James Bay and Northern Quebec agreement was signed by the Crees and Inuit, and Canada and Quebec. It is Canada's first modern treaty. The Government of Quebec completed the giant James Bay Hydro-electric Project, and the Crees as beneficiaries of the claims settlement began to reconstruct their society. Since that time things have turned sour. In 1980 an epidemic in the Cree communities killed seven of our children. Medical help came only after repeated requests to government authorities. Scientific study showed that the disease was caused by contaminated water and the absence of sanitary facilities. Although the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement made SPECIFIC provisions for the construction of water systems and sanitary facilities these had not been provided. Although Quebec law required these facilities they were not built. The Crees had asked over and over for these essentials. They were turned down by the Government of Quebec, which had obtained Cree land and was now selling the electricity from Cree rivers. It was only after we came here to Geneva in 1981, after newspaper articles and television coverage, that the Government of Canada finally started to provide the clean water supplies they had promised in the Agreement. The Quebec government has still done nothing to honour its commitment. The 1980 epidemic was only the beginning of a long and painful effort by the Crees to force these two governments to respect the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. Canada, which has taken our land, now takes the official view that we were not promised LEGALLY BINDING special benefits in signing the Agreement. To prevent future outbreaks of disease Canada provided water and sanitary facilities to respect the "spirit" of the Agreement, but insists that it was not REQUIRED to do so. Quebec has ignored its obligations to us under the Agreement. Indigenous people beware. We have now spent the last ten years in this frustrating work. Progress has been slow, and success is only receiving what was first promised. Through the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, we fought for and finally won a self-government act for the Crees and Naskapis of Quebec. Through this legislation we have finally escaped the racist provisions of Canada's Indian Act. Nevertheless we are still forced to live under the rules of the old Indian Act because Canada refuses to put the new legislation into effect, feeling it gives us too much autonomy. We ask the Working Group to take note of the fact that even in Canada, a country with well respected democratic institutions, indigenous rights are not protected nor are formal land claims settlements respected. The Cree experience should be carefully observed and noted. The Crees were the first Canadian Indians to sign a land claims settlement, and are now the only indigenous group to have self- government legislation. Our experience is a warning to others, but it is also an opportunity for Canada to prove that it truly respects the human rights of its indigenous people and that errors can be corrected. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- To have a current Center For World Indigenous Studies Publication Catalogue sent to you via e-mail, send a request to jburrows@halcyon.com Center For World Indigenous Studies P.O. Box 2574 Olympia, WA U.S.A. 98507-2574 Fax: 206-956-1087 BBS: 206-786-9629 From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 4 03:16:57 1995 Date: Sat, 4 Nov 1995 03:16:53 -0700 (MST) From: Robert Johnson To: REVS@CSF.COLORADO.EDU Subject: Jack Forbes' "Native Intelligence" column on Quebec referendum NATIVE INTELLIGENCE A COLUMN BY JACK D. FORBES NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS This column's focus: CANADA: SWITZERLAND OF THE NORTH OR A DOUBLE COLONY The French-speaking Quebec citizens are considering steps to possibly separate from Canada. Tragically their desire to separate and to establish French language and culture as supreme within the province of Quebec, without granting a similar right of separation to indigenous Canadians, is a continuation of the old tradition of Eurocentric colonialism, whether of the old French or the Anglo varieties. The Inuit and Cree peoples living within the current boundaries of Quebec are making it very clear that they do not wish to be part of a separate Quebec and that they will choose to remain in Canada. The French Canadians of Quebec picture themselves as an embattled nationality, oppressed by Anglo-Canada. They are blind, however, to the fact that the Original Canadians have been far more oppressed than have the Quebec's and that French colonialism with its near worship of a European language can be very oppressive to speakers of original North American languages. Certainly, the Native Peoples of Canada possess every bit as much of a right to self-determination as do the French-speaking people. The boundaries of Quebec are the end result of a process of colonialism and are quite arbitrary. They were created by Anglo-Canada and can be challenged by both the indigenous people and the other provinces of Canada. In any case, any thinking person must admit that an Original Canadian has just as many inherent rights to self-realization as does a speaker of a European tongue. But there is another way. I have long hoped that Canadians of all cultures would come to see that they can follow a different model, the model of Switzerland, where the German, Swiss Roman (French), Italian, and Romansch-speaking populations all have an equal dignity and right of cultural and linguistic autonomy . Moreover, the various dialects of German, such as Bernese, have thousands of works published therein and are freely spoken. Switzerland is, in fact, the Confederation of Helvetia, and a great deal of local autonomy exists in each province. Perhaps it is out of place for a Native North American from the United States to speak up about Canada's future. But I believe I have that right because what effects Canada and especially the Original Canadians will directly affect all of us Natives. If a war breaks out over the separation of Quebec and if Quebec attempts to rule the Crees and Inuits by force it will directly affect all of us. On the other hand if Canada is able to develop a new kind of federated society where different ethnic groups and regions can have genuine autonomy, that well may serve as a beacon light of hope for all of us who seek a greater measure of self-realization. Canada should become so attractive to Native People that perhaps Greenland and even Alaska might eventually wish to unify with a new Canada. Isn't that worth talking about ? My hope for Canada is that the Euro-Canadians can give up their foolish feelings of cultural superiority and their greed for aboriginal resources long enough to imagine what a truly democratic society might be like. I would suggest that each aboriginal people, however they define themselves, be able to organize a province of their own, a republic if you will. Then each of these republics would belong to a Union of Canada and each would have its own legal language as well as secondary languages. For example, the various Mohawk and other Iroquois people might wish to form their own member republic, even though separated by parts of Ontario and Quebec. Similarly, the Ojibway communities could form a unified republic which might consist in large parts of western Ontario as well as detached areas elsewhere. The Cree peoples might wish to from a very large republic running from northern Alberta to Labrador and including all Cree-speaking Metis groups as well as so-called Status Indians. Needless to say the Inuit people of the north should have a republic, if they wish, including all of their historic territory. The Tinneh peoples should also have a very large republic. This plan should also accommodate the desires of French Canadians, not only of Quebec, but also of other provinces or republics. I use the term republic because it s an old, respectable term for any kind of an autonomous political unit. It does not imply total independence. Canada, it seems to me, has a chance to do something truly exciting. It has a chance to abandon European colonialism and to stop imitating the Native policy of the United States . It has a chance to do something which will give hope to all indigenous people and will also be attractive to neighboring areas who are tired of the growing centralism and militarism of the United States. It can serve as a model for all of the multi-ethnic states of the Americas including Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala and many others. Perhaps in the distant future a Union of Canada of the kind I propose might even be able to allow the Blackfeet, the Salish, the Assiniboine-Stonies, and other Original North Americans to be unified across the existing US-Canadian boundary. Who knows? What I am asking for is, in brief, nothing more than action based on that little but potent word: RESPECT. Should not all of us respect each other and does that not require that we extend to each other what we want for ourselves ? There can be no exceptions unless hypocrisy is to be our downfall. The lack of mutual respect leads to Bosnias , sooner or later. (Professor Jack D. Forbes, Powhatan-Delaware, is the author of COLUMBUS AND OTHER CANNIBALS, AFRICANS AND NATIVE AMERICANS, ONLY APPROVED INDIANS and other books) All rights reserved by Jack D. Forbes Phone: (916) 752-3626/3237 From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 4 03:23:37 1995 Date: Sat, 4 Nov 1995 03:23:34 -0700 (MST) From: Robert Johnson To: REVS@CSF.COLORADO.EDU Subject: IOC, Netwars. Chiapas: the revolution on-line, Nov 1 News source: Index on Censorship File source: http://www.oneworld.org/index_oc/wood.html Date: 11/01/95 The material that follows has been provided by Index on Censorship Net wars by Darrin Wood (from Index 3/1995) Publication date: June, 1995 Chiapas: the revolution will not be televised (but it will be on-line) On 9 February President Ernesto Zedillo ordered the Mexican Army to move into territory held by the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) in the southern state of Chiapas. As Zedillo unilaterally broke the 13-month ceasefire between the two sides, his troops encountered a few stray dogs, some chickens and abandoned huts, but no ski-masked rebels. Although the EZLN retreated into the jungles and mountains of Chiapas, along with thousands of their supporters from nearby villages, that doesn't mean they didn't fight back. They fought with the same weapons they have used since the truce of mid-January 1994: words. The Zapatistas have been able to use words more effectively than most armies use tanks and artillery. Their communiques, signed by the enigmatic military leader Subcomandante Marcos (or'Sup' as he likes to call himself), seem like they were written by a literature professor rather than the revolutionary idol of the moment. There are no long diatribes taken from Marx, Lenin, or Mao. Instead be prepared for citations from Cervantes, Garcia Lorca, Machado, or even the sonnets of Shakespeare - in the original English, with spelling and punctuation perfectly correct. This has led some to speculate that Marcos is either hiding in a public library, or that he has a copy of the Complete Works tucked into his ammunition belt.This is no ordinary guerrilla movement. There have been no executions. No assasinations of political leaders. No assasinations of the caciques [landowning elite] who control rural Chiapas, the traditional enemies of the indigenous Mayans who make up the Zapatista rank and file. They only'fought' (with arms that is) for 12 days, after which they called upon the civil society of Mexico, and the world, to finish their battle for them. In the National Democratic Convention, held last year by the EZLN in territory under their control, symbolically placed white banners on their rifles in the hope that one day all weapons would be silent. Since that time, civil society, in Mexico and abroad, has done everything possible to make that dream a reality, using a weapon created by the US Defense Department over 20 years ago to do so: the so-called information highway. That is, the modem and the Internet.Time magazine defined the new net-journalism in an article last year:'Most journalism is top down, flowing from a handful of writers to the masses of readers. But on the Net, news is gathered from the bottom up - the many speaking to the many - and it bears the seeds of revolutionary change.' Using new technologies for a third-world revolution is not entirely new. The Algerian revolutionary intellectual, Fritz Fanon, says in his book, Studies In A Dying Colonialism:'Since 1956 the purchase of a radio in Algeria has meant, not the adoption of a modern technique for getting news, but the obtaining of access to the only means of entering into communication with the Revolution, of living with it. In the special case of the portable battery set, an improvised form of the standard receiver operating on current, the specialist in technical changes in underdeveloped countries might see a sign of a radical mutation. The Algerian, in fact, gives the impression of finding short cuts and of achieving the most modern forms of new-communication without passing through the intermediary stages.' The Zapatistas, and their supporters, have also passed through the intermediary stages as regards the possibilities of the modem. The latest communiques from the EZLN are posted on the numerous Mexican news bulletin boards and then downloaded and photocopied by groups in Spain to be handed out in demonstrations the following day. All of this cyberspace activism, or'netwar' as it is now called, has caused concern in some sectors. Especially to Rand Corporation investigator David F Ronfeldt. 'The risk for Mexico is not an old-fashioned civil war or another social revolution... The risk is social netwar,' Ronfeldt has recently been quoted as saying, the fear being that traditionally factional opposition groups are more united in cyberspace than they ever could be in the real world. Mexican NGOs can stay in touch with sympathetic US or Canadian groups, and can orchestrate an international response to any government crackdown. The effects of netwar aren't so far-fetched. Recent Internet postings requesting urgent medical attention for the EZLN's Comandante Ramona, currently extremely ill, were met by massive offers of help from around the world, within hours of being posted.Long-time Mexican correspondent John Ross thinks Ronfeldt's comments are overstated, however.'Anyone that has tried to get on-line through'la neta' in DF [Mexico City] knows that the miracle of fibre optics isn't going to be the determining factor in the new Mexican revolution.' Ross sees all the concern about netwar from the Rand Corporation, and others, to be just another attempt at censorship. It is perhaps no coincidence that, several months ago, congressmen from the leftist opposition Party of Democratic Revolution (PRD) were claiming that the government had been interfering with their phone lines, the same phone lines that their modems were hooked up to. It should come as no surprise that new communications technologies are beginning to create new headaches for the world's censors. Mexican actress and human rights activist Ofelia Medina said recently that'the indigenous peoples are the intellectual avant garde at the moment.' With their use of the modem and the information highways, it seems that they are becoming the technological avant garde as well.'Zapata vive!' (Zapata lives!) is the current battlecry in Mexico. And Zapata is now on-line. Copyright =A9 Darrin Wood -- To unsubscribe from this list send a message containing the words unsubscribe chiapas95 to majordomo@eco.utexas.edu. Previous messages are available from http://eco.utexas.edu or gopher://eco.utexas.edu. From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 4 10:17:49 1995 Date: Sat, 4 Nov 1995 10:17:38 -0700 (MST) From: Robert Johnson To: postcolonial@jefferson.village.virginia.edu ind-net@listproc.wsu.edu Subject: URGENT! DAMS IN BRAZILIAN RAINFOREST URGENT: REQUEST FOR LETTERS TO GOVERNOR OF SAO PAULO TO SAVE RIBEIRA DE IGUAPE RIVER IN BRAZIL'S ATLANTIC COAST RAINFOREST October 31, 1995 THE FOLLOWING IS AN URGENT ACTION REQUEST FROM BRAZIL'S MOVEMENT OF DAM VICTIMS Background: The Ribeira de Iguape River is one of the few remaining free-flowing rivers in Brazil's Sao Paulo state, and flows through one of the few remaining vestiges of Brazil's Atlantic Coast rainforest. The Atlantic Coast forest is one of the earth's hotbeds of biodiversity. In addition, the Ribeira valley is the homeland of 4,000 riverine families, including descendents of former black slaves who found refuge in the valley more than a century ago in communities known as quilombos, and who use the forest sustainably. A Brazilian aluminum company has proposed a series of hydroelectric dams which would severely impact the river's ecology and the inhabitants of the Ribeira valley. On October 25, 1995, the State Legislature of Sao Paulo approved Law 802/93 which: - prohibits construction of hydroelectric dams on the Rio Ribeira de Iguape, until the Ecological-Economic Zoning of the Ribeira valley is completed, and - prohibits construction of any engineering works which impede the natural flow of the Rio Ribeira do Iguape or impact the environment in the areas of the Atlantic Coast rainforest or the lake estuaries of Iguape and Cananeia, without prior environmental impact analysis. This is a crucial step forward in stopping the Ribeira dams!!! However, the governor of Sao Paulo, Mario Covas, has said he plans to veto the legislation. It is crucial that Governor Covas and the state Environmental Secretary, Fabio Feldman receive letters urging the governor to sign the legislation. ================================================= PLEASE WRITE LETTERS URGENTLY TO: Exmo. Sr. Mario Covas Governador do Estado de Sao Paulo Av. Morumbi, no. 4.500 05698-900 Sao Paulo, SP Brazil fax: +55-11-845-3301 PLEASE SEND COPIES TO: Exmo. Sr. Fabio Feldman D.D. Secretario Estadual do Meio Ambiente R. Tabapua, no. 81 - 9 andar 04533-010 Sao Paulo, SP Brazil fax: +55-11-822-8291 Ask the governor to sign this landmark legislation to protect the Ribeira de Iguape River and the Atlantic Coast rainforest. Please mention that the dams will impact the inhabitants of the quilombos in the Ribeira valley who are seeking recognition of their right to their traditional lands. Urge the governor to take measures to protect the Ribeira valley, and to make it a model of sustainable development in one of the few remaining intact expanses of the Atlantic Coast rainforest. For more information: Glenn Switkes, International Rivers Network Berkeley, California, USA tel: +510-848-1155 fax: +510-848-1008 email: glenirn@igc.apc.org or Sandra Inez G. Paulino Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens - Brasil Rua da Consolacao, 21 - 9 andar - cj91 - centro 01301-000 Sao Paulo, SP Brazil telefax: +55-11-256-0839 From united@aps.nl Mon Nov 6 08:54:09 1995 for revs@csf.colorado.edu To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: media release Kristallnacht... From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Mon, 06 Nov 95 15:39:12 +0200 Organization: Activist Press Service, Amsterdam UNITED for Intercultural Action European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees PB 413, NL-1000 AK Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6834778, fax +31-20-6834582 e-mail united@aps.nl MEDIA RELEASE 7/11/95 (for section international news) Commemoration of "Kristallnacht" will highlight continuing persecution of refugees On November 9th 1995, the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism, hundreds of organisations from 27 European countries will show solidarity with refugees in an international campaign, coordinated by the European anti-racist network UNITED. Shortly before the "Kristallnacht" pogrom in 1938 in Nazi Germany, the Evian Conference took place in France. There, 32 governments met to discuss what to do about Jewish refugees from Germany. They chose to do nothing - except to restrict immigration laws. The result of the conference was to leave hundreds of thousands of Jews to their fate - to die in the Holocaust. Today, refugees seeking safety in Europe are still denied the chance to live a life free from fear of persecution and death. "Fortress Europe" prevents asylum seekers from entry to European states. Increased militarisation of borders, with army patrols and infra-red detection equipment, means refugees are forced to cross borders in dangerous and illegal ways, and are dying in hundreds as a result. The actions on 9 November 1995 will make the link between these two tragedies. This year, a series of pickets around Switzerland's borders will commemorate the intentional blocking of Jewish refugees in 1938. Holocaust survivors, eyewitnesses and today's refugees will join in a unique cooperation between anti-fascist, Jewish and refugee organisations from three countries. In London, a public meeting to commemorate Kristallnacht and highlight the persecution of refugees will be addressed by prominent speakers from Jewish and refugee organisations. In Amsterdam, a memorial meeting at the Jewish resistance monument will be followed by a public meeting on refugees, and supported by many other activities in the Netherlands. All these actions have attracted major media attention. Other demonstrations will take place in Prague, Newcastle, Helsinki, Berlin, Moscow, Warsaw, Leuven and Toronto. Major meetings will be held in Dublin, Ljubljana, St Petersburg, Kiev and Stockholm. "UNITED for Intercultural Action" also coordinates hundreds of other actions like solidarity pickets for all victims of racism and fascism, exhibitions, memorial minutes of silence, public speaking tours, conferences, blockades, discussions, concerts, info meetings, film shows etc. You can contact the organisers of the three main actions as follows: Switzerland: Forum gegen Rassismus, tel / fax +41 21 311 8057 Britain: Searchlight, tel +44 171 284 4040, fax +44 171 284 4410 Netherlands: Nederland Bekent Kleur, +31 20 676 6710, fax +31 20 676 3931 For further information and a full list of activities in Europe contact Louise Bernstein or Jurgen Schafer. ______________________________end media release________________________ UNITED for Intercultural Action is with 340 organisations from 38 European countries the biggest European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees. From united@aps.nl Sun Nov 5 06:08:38 1995 for revs@csf.colorado.edu To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: fax calendar Kristallnacht From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Thu, 02 Nov 95 10:01:49 +0200 Organization: Activist Press Service, Amsterdam UNITED for Intercultural Action European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees Postbus 413, NL-1000 AK Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6834778, fax +31-20-6834582, email united@aps.nl 9.11.95 Commemoration of the Kristallnacht / Persecution of Refugees 1938-1995 On November 9th 1995, the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism, hundreds of organisations from 27 European countries will show solidarity with refugees in an international campaign, coordinated by the European anti-racist network UNITED. Shortly before the "Kristallnacht" pogrom in 1938 in Nazi Germany, the Evian Conference took place in France. There, 32 governments met to discuss what to do about Jewish refugees from Germany. They chose to do nothing - except to restrict immigration laws. The result of the conference was to leave hundreds of thousands of Jews to their fate - to die in the Holocaust. Today, refugees seeking safety in Europe are still denied the chance to live a life free from fear of persecution and death. "Fortress Europe" prevents asylum seekers from entry to European states. Increased militarisation of borders, with army patrols and infra-red detection equipment, means refugees are forced to cross borders in dangerous and illegal ways, and are dying in hundreds as a result. The actions on 9 November 1995 will make the link between these two tragedies. This year, the major action will be a series of pickets around the Swiss borders to commemorate the deliberate blocking of Jewish refugees in 1938. Holocaust survivors and eyewitnesses will join with today's refugees in a unique cooperation between anti-fascist, Jewish and refugee organisations from three countries. In Amsterdam, a memorial meeting at the Jewish resistance monument will be followed by a public meeting on refugees, and supported by many other activities around the Netherlands. In London, a public meeting to commemorate Kristallnacht and highlight the persecution of refugees will be addressed by prominent speakers from Jewish and refugee organisations. All these actions have attracted major media attention. "UNITED for Intercultural Action" also coordinates on November 9 hundreds of other actions like demonstrations, major meetings, solidarity pickets for all victims of racism and fascism, exhibitions, memorial minutes of silence, public speaking tours, conferences, blockades, discussions, concerts, info meetings, film shows etc. For further information contact Louise Bernstein or Jurgen Schafer MESSAGE OF SOLIDARITY 9 November 1995, International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism Dear friends, We send you international greetings today from the bureau of UNITED. Today is the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism. Your actions which commemorate Kristallnacht and show solidarity with the refugees in Europe today are part of a European-wide campaign to mark these events. You are joined today by hundreds of other organisations from 27 countries across Europe who share your desire to commemorate the terrible events of 9 November 1938 and work to ensure that such a tragedy can never happen again. Likewise, we do not forget those people who seek refuge from persecution in today's Fortress Europe. Fifty seven years after Kristallnacht and fifty years after the end of World War Two, refugees are still refused permission to enter safe European countries. We wish you success in your activities today. Let us remember that we are working together to defeat the forces that divide us, so that we all may live in a world free of racism, fascism and antisemitism. UNITED for Intercultural Action. All listed organisations and many more will organise around November 9th memorial activities to "Kristallnacht" 1938 and solidarity actions for refugees who try to enter Fortress Europe today (Information pack and further details from UNITED): AUSTRIA (see Switzerland) Eu. Youth Camp. against Racism / Austrian Camp. Com., Praterstrasse 70/13, A-1020 Wien, phone +43-1-214449914, fax +43-1-214449910 Rote Falken sterreich, Rauhensteingasse 5/5, A-1010 Wien, phone +43-1-5121298, fax +43-1-5121298 BELGIUM Torchlight demonstration and solidarity concert with multicultural bands in Leuven, Los Buenos / Aktiegroep Recht op Vluchten, Parkstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, phone +32-16-293079, fax +32-16-220968 BRITAIN 09.11.95 "Kristallnacht Memorial Meeting: Persecution of Refugees 1938-1995" Public meeting from 7.30 PM Friends House, Euston Road, London NW1, with eminent keynote speakers: Lord Dubs, Claude Moraes (JCWI), Philip Rudge (ECRE), Board of Deputies of British Jews, UJS, NUS and Searchlight, organised by Searchlight - Publishing/Information Services, 37B New Cavendish Street, GB-London W1M 8JR, phone +44-171-2844040, fax +44-171-2844410 07.11.95 "When Racism Comes to Town" Launch of a community action handbook for responding to racism organised by Searchlight - Publishing/Information Services, 37B New Cavendish Street, GB-London W1M 8JR, phone +44-171-2844040, fax +44-171-2844410 05.11.95 "Is this where we came in" - Dayschool on "Immigration and Asylum" with information on the Kristallnacht campaign, Jewish Socialist Group, BM Box 3725, GB-London WC1N 3XX 09.11.95 "Candlelight memorial at the Newcastle monument" with speakers (invited) from North East Refugee Service, Union of Jewish Students, local Councillors and Members of Parliament - Workshops, stickers etc, Tyne & Wear Anti-Fascist Association (TWAFA), c/o 4 The Cloth Market, GB-Newcastle NE1 1EA, phone +44-191-2221660 Special issue of Green Screen newsletter, Greenscreen, PO Box 192, GB-Leeds LS2 9XD, phone +44-113-2429789, fax +44-113-2429789, email greenscreen@gn.apc.org BULGARIA "Against fascism and antisemitism" - Press conference in Sofia Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, 6 Gourgouliat Street 5th floor, BG-1000 Sofia, phone +359-2-818480, fax +359-2-818480, email BHC@SF.CIT.BG CANADA 09.11.95 "Demonstration against Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel" in Toronto organised by Anti-Racist Action (ARA), PO Box 664 - Stn., CDN-Toronto, Ontario M6J 3S1, email ats@etext.info CZECH REPUBLIC 03.11.95 and 09.11.95 "Concerts for Tolerance" with Roma and Jewish music 09.11.95 (morning) "Conference on extremism" at the Czech Parliament 09.11.95 (night) "Candlelight march" in Prague Seminar "Understanding in Difference" around 09.11.95 "Public discussions on racism and solidarity concerts" in 15 cities, Exhibition "Racism in the Czech Republic" in 12 cities 07.11.95 "Press Conference" for all activities contact: Eu. Youth Camp. against Racism / Czech Campaign Com., RAXI-CZ, Jeruzalemska 1, CZ-11647 Praha 1, phone +42-2-24102469, fax +42-2-24102471 Hnuti Obcanske Solidarity a Tolerance, HOST, PO Box 13, CZ-12800 Praha 2, phone +42-2-24914690 ext. 3161, fax +42-2-24914690 ext. 3161 Social-Cultural Centre, Kafkova 9, CZ-16000 Praha 6, phone +42-2-322953, fax +42-2-322953, email kscentrum@ecn.gn.apc.org FINLAND 09.11.95 Helsinki - "Demonstration and antifa-party", speakers: Umayyah Abu-Hannah (TV-journalist) and representative of Jewish community 03.11.95 Lohja - "Multicultural event with theatre, culture, speeches and concert" 09.11.95 Vaasa - "Candlelight demonstration and concert" 09.11.95 Jyvaeskylae - "Candlelight demonstration and concert" 09.11.95 Lappeenranta - "Demonstration and street activities" 10.11.95 Lahti - "Demonstration and All Peoples' Night" 09.11.95 Oulu - "Procession for tolerance - school activities - concert" 09.11.95 Tampere - "Demonstration and concert" Finnish Antifa-Coalition - Antifa-Lohja c/o KMK, Kalevankatu 1, SF-08100 Lohja, email hraita@sockom.helsinki.fi Antifa-Helsinki, PL 19, SF-00981 Helsinki, Antifa-Pohjanmaa, PL 1, SF-65200 Vaasa (phone and fax numbers can be obtained from UNITED) FRANCE (supporting the border actions, see Switzerland) REFLEX, 21 ter, rue Voltaire, F-75011 Paris, phone +33-1-43485495, fax +33-1-43721577 GERMANY (see Switzerland) and 01.11.95-04.11.95 "Antiracist Consultation (Antirassistischer Ratschlag)" including cabaret, public debates, workshops, concert 04.11.95 Demonstration, speakers: Ludwig Baumann (deserter WW II), Prof. Ludwig Elm, Leila S. (Kurdish refugee) Gewerkschaft Handel, Banken und Versich. Thuringen, HBV, Juri Gagarin Ring 150, D-99084 Erfurt, phone +49-361-6599813, fax +49-361-6599899 10.-12.11.95 "Seminar on fascism" near Berlin and around 09.11.95 "Lectures, seminars etc. on antisemitism and fascism" in Bochum Jungdemokraten / Junge Linke, JD/JL, Chausseestrasse 8, D-10115 Berlin, phone +49-30-2833245, fax +49-30-2833248 09.11.95 "Unite & Act - National closing ceremony of the German Youth campaign against racism, xenophobia, antisemitism and intolerance" in Berlin, speakers: Ulrich Bunjes (RAXI/Council of Europe), Mike Corsa (RAXI-D), Barbara John, Antje Vollmer (invited) and others, info stands, cultural activities, music, concert B'nai Br'ith Youth Organization - Germany, BBYO, Fasanenstrasse 79, D-10623 Berlin Deutsches Kom. der Jugendkampagne des Europarates, Haager Weg 44, D-53127 Bonn, phone +49-228-9102131, fax +49-228-9102122 09.11.95 "Demonstration" in Aachen VVN - BdA c/o Kurt Heiler, Augustastrasse 32/34, D-52070 Aachen, phone +49-241-503429, fax +49-241-503429, email Com-link K.Heiler@NAD-MEER.ZER GREECE SOS Ratsismos, PO Box 3724, GR-10210 Athinai, phone +30-1-3647669, fax +30-1-3250665 Greek Committee f. International Democratic Solidarity (EEDDA), Spirou Trikoupi 25, GR-10683 Athinai, phone +30-1-3813052, fax +30-1-3831603 HUNGARY Martin Luther King Organization (MLKO), Zsombolyai utca 3, H-1113 Budapest, phone +36-1-1665570, fax +36-1-1665570 IRELAND "Multicultural concert" with musicians from Bosnia, Algeria, Vietnam, Cuba, Africa and Ireland. Commemoration of the deaths due to Fortress Europe. Irish Refugee Council (IRC), Arran House, 35/36 Arran Quay, IRL-Dublin 7, phone +353-1-8724424, fax +353-1-8724411 Still in the planning phase: Nat. Youth Council of Ireland - Comh. Naisiunta Na n-Og (NYCI), 3 Montague Street, IRL-Dublin 2, phone +353-1-4784122, fax +353-1-4783974 Harmony, 41 Morehampton Road, Donnybrook, IRL-Dublin 4, phone +353-1-4906196 ITALY around 09.11.95 "Conferences on racism and antisemitism" in Roma, Perugia and Napoli organised by CIDI (contact via UNITED) MALTA "Action in Valletta against nazism - Radio programmes - Press statements" Labour Youth Forum c/o Labour National Centre, Milend Road, M-Hamrun, phone +356-249900, fax +356-244204 NETHERLANDS 09.11.95 19.00 Memorial Meeting at the Stopera (Jewish resistance monument), speakers from City Council, refugee groups and resisters from WW II 20.00 Public debate on situation of refugees in today's Europe at the Stadhuis, speakers: Fuad Hussein (VON), Jaap Hoeksma (VVN), Mrs. Hagen (ASKV), BBYO 09.11.95 Breda - Memorial evening in the Synagogue 09.11.95 Delft - Memorial evening in the Synagogue, eyewitnesses, reports from Jewish and refugee organisations, music 09.11.95 Den Haag - Debate on juridical questions/refugees in schools 09.11.95 Dordrecht - Memorial meeting, films, debate with anti-racist and refugee organisations 05.11.95 Eindhoven - Multicultural festival "Open Borders" 08.-10.11.95 Eindhoven - Hanging of huge banner (10x2m) at the central station "Kristallnacht Memorial: You seek refuge because" combined with torchlight and speeches 09.11.95 Enschede - Memorial meetings with German organisations also in Gronau (D) 09.11.95 Gouda - Opening of exhibition "Jewish life in the region" 09.11.95 Groningen - Torchlight march in solidarity with refugees living in detention camps 09.11.95 Hoorn - Memorial march with speakers and music 09.11.95 Leeuwarden - Memorial meeting for refugees who died through Fortress Europe 04.11.95 Nijmegen - Participation in demonstration in Wuppertal (D) against neo-nazis 09.11.95 Rotterdam - Memorial march, music and debate against Fortress Europe 09.11.95 Sittard - Memorial meeting, march, music and poems 09.11.95 Utrecht - Demonstration "Solidarity with refugees. Nobody wants to flee". Debate in cooperation with Czech anti-racists, music info on all activities from Nederland Bekent Kleur (NBK), Postbus 55588 - Ferd. Bolstraat 39, NL-1007 NB Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6766710, fax +31-20-6763931, e.mail nbk@dds.nl The following organisations support the main activity or organise additional activities in several Dutch cities: Dwars-Antifa / groenlinkse jongerenorganisatie, Postbus 267, NL-1000 AG Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6267374, fax +31-20-6270693 Vluchtelingenwerk Nederland (VVN), Postbus 2894 - 3e Hugo de Grootstr. 7, NL-1000 CW Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6881311, fax +31-20-6882181 Amsterdam Comite 4 en 5 mei, Rapenburgstraat 109, NL-1011 VL Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6209688, fax +31-20-6205620 Rebel, St. Jacobsstraat 10-20, NL-1012 NC Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6259272, fax +31-20-6203774 Amsterdams Solidariteits Komitee Vluchtelingen (ASKV), Haarlemmerplein 17, NL-1013 HP Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6272408, fax +31-20-4203208, email refugium@refugium.antenna.nl Vluchtelingenwerk - Amsterdam (VA), Nieuwe Looiersdwarsstraat 9, NL-1017 TZ Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6277745, fax +31-20-6205669 Autonoom info/aktie Centrum, Bilderdijkstraat 165f, NL-1053 KP Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6126172, fax +31-20-6168967, email ac@xs4all.nl Komitee Marokkaanse Arbeiders in Nederland (KMAN), Ferdinand Bolstraat 39, NL-1072 LB Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6640445, fax +31-20-6758336 Federatie van Vluchtelingen-Organisaties in Nederland (VON), Merelstraat 2 bis, NL-3514 CN Utrecht, phone +31-30-2714505, fax +31-30-2733844 "School activities, discussions", School zonder racisme, Willemstraat 59, NL-5611 HC Eindhoven, phone +31-40-2359999, fax +31-40-2445712, email migrant1@pi.net NORWAY Antirasistisk Senter, Postboks 244-Sentrum, N-0103 Oslo, phone +47-22116000, fax +47-22-116100, email henrikl@oslonett.no Norges Unge Venstre - Young Liberals of Norway, Mollergate 16, N-0179 Oslo, phone +47-22-427320, fax +47-22-425961 POLAND 09.11.95 Demonstration in Katowice around 09.11.95 Exhibition on Holocaust and the Youth Campaign against Racism (RAXI) in Katowice, Sosnoviec and Czeladz Barykada, P.O. Box 1429, PL-40001 Katowice 09.11.95 "Graffiti action" in Wroclaw 11.11.95 "Demonstration against racism and fascism" in Opole Anti Nazi Front, c/o Sofokles - PO Box 2242, PL-54414 Wroclaw 47, phone +48-71-216702, fax +48-71-441150 09.11.95 Demonstration in Warszawa organised by Radical Antifascist Action (RAAF) and MRE (YRE) ROMANIA 08.-10.11.95 "3-Days-Festival against fascism and antisemitism" in Cluj-Napoca with exhibitions, roundtables, Jewish music, films, Miscarea Tinerilor pentru Pace (YAP/MCP), Of. postal 1, P.O. Box 457, RO-3400 Cluj, phone +40-64-194623, fax +40-64-192474 around 09.11.95 "Seminars and activities in cooperation with the Jewish community" in Suceara, Broila and Ared, As. Student. de Lupta Impotriva Rasismului din Romania (ASLIR), Dr. Burghelea 10 A, RO-Bucuresti sect. 2, phone +40-1-3125097, fax +40-1-3125097 "Concert against racism", Rroma Center for Social Intervention and Studies (CRISS), Str. Ion Slatineanu nr. 16, RO-Bucuresti, Sector 1, phone +40-1-2117868, fax +40-1-2117868 RUSSIA around 09.11.95 "Antifascist seminar" in St. Petersburg with memorial activities, films, discussions, Memorial St. Petersburg, Izmajlovskij prospekt Nr. 8, RUS-St. Petersburg 198005, phone +7-812-2599145, fax +7-812-3151701 07.11.95 Picket in the centre of Moscow Antifascist Centre of Moscow c/o Proshechkin Evgeni, ul. Ger. Panfilovcev 17-korp. 4/kv. 62, RUS-Moskva 123480, phone +7-095-9287113, fax +7-095-9235412 SLOVAKIA Obciansky Sekretariat - Hnutie Human, Staromestska 6 a, SK-81103 Bratislava, phone +42-7-315771, fax +42-7-315028 Slobodna Alternativa - Free Alternative, Staromestska 6, SK-81103 Bratislava SLOVENIA 06.11.95 Postcard action 09.11.95 Roundtable Conference "How tolerant are Slovenian citizens" Mladi Zeleni Slovenije (Young Greens of Slovenia), Gregorciceva ul. 19, SLO62000 Maribor, phone +386-62-221273, fax +386-62-221273 Still in the planning phase: Drustvo za prostovoljno delo MOST - SCI Slovenia (MOST), Breg 12, SLO61000 Ljubljana, phone +386-61-217208, fax +386-61-1258067 Mladi Liberalni Demokrati (Young Liberal Democrats) (MLD), Trg republike 3-VII, p.p. 651, SLO61001 Ljubljana, phone +386-61-1256106, fax +386-61-1256150 SPAIN 10.11.95 Conference "Asylum and Refugees in Europe" 17.11.95 Conference "Immigrants: Workers to use and throw away" 24.11.95 Conference "The right to move" Gipuzkoako SOS Arrazakeria, c/ Santa Catalina 3, bajo, E-20004 Donostia, phone +34-43-423138, fax +34-43-423138 Still in the planning phase: Contrabanda FM 91.0, Apartat 748, E-08080 Barcelona, ph. +34-3-3177366, fax +41247 Comite de Defensa de los Refugiados, Asilados e Immigr. (COMRADE), c/ San Ramon Nonato, 6-2!B, E-28048 Madrid, phone +34-1-3235206 SWEDEN 09.11.95 Demonstration and meeting against racism and fascism (activity of several org.), Hasans vanner - mot vald och rasism, Box 34, S-12921 Hagersten, phone +46-8-979899, fax +46-8-979899 SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA, GERMANY 09.11.95 - "Pickets at the borders in Schaffhausen, Basel, Genf, Tessin, St Margrethen" Demonstrations on the borders with Germany, Austria and Switzerland to commemorate the blocking of Jewish refugees after 1938, with eyewitnesses, Holocaust survivors, refugees from today and with banners and lights. 02.11.95 Press Conference in Geneva 06.11.95 Press Conference in Bern organised jointly by: Jugendkampagne gegen Rassismus, Fremdenfeindlichk c/o SAJV - Schwarztorstrasse 69, CH-3007 Bern, phone +41-31-3822225, fax +41-31-3824493 Forum gegen Rassismus / Forum contre le racisme, Casa Postal 95, CH-1000 Lausanne 9, phone +41-21-3118057, fax +41-21-3118057 Eu. Youth Camp. against Racism / Austrian Camp. Com., Praterstrasse 70/13, A-1020 Wien, phone +43-1-214449914, fax +43-1-214449910 Parliamentary question on deaths of refugees Arbeitsstelle fur Asylfragen, Postfach 6966, CH-3001 Bern, phone +41-31-3124032, fax +41-31-3124045 still in the planning phase: Anti-Racism Information Service, ARIS, 14 avenue Trembley, CH-1209 Geneva, phone +41-22-7403530, fax +41-22-7403565 International Culture and Youth Exchange, ICYE, Postfach 473 - Belpstrasse 69, CH-3000 Bern 14, phone +41-31-3717780, fax +41-31-3714078 TURKEY Activities in universities, film showsI Devrimci Genclik - Magazine, Istiklal Caddesi Mis Sokak No 10/4, TR-Istanbul - Beyoglu, phone +90-212-2442989, fax +90-212-2444940 Press campaigns, radio programmes, TV reports arkadas - Independent Newspaper, Ilhan Akgun C. 12/C, TR-33960 Silifke, phone +90-324-7143726, fax +90-324-7143726 UKRAINE 07.-09.11.95 Meeting of several parties and organisations against fascism and totalitarianism, Association for Interethnical Peace + Consent in Ukraine, Murashko Street 4. Apt. 27, UA-Kiev 254050, phone +7-044-2115472, fax +7-044-2164379 YUGOSLAVIA/SERBIA Belgrade Circle, Obilicev venac 27, YU-11000 Beograd/Serbia, phone +381-11-624969, fax +381-11-620882, email BEOKRUG-BG@ZAMIR - BG.ZTN.ZER.DE Beogradski Omladinski Forum - Belgrade Youth Forum (BYF), Obilicev venac 27, YU-11000 Beograd/Serbia, phone +381-11-624969, fax +381-11-620882, email BEOKRUG-BG@ZAMIR - BG.ZTN.ZER.DE In order to produce a good report on the November 9th activities, we ask all the participating organisations to send photos and press articles shortly after that date. From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 6 12:06:01 1995 Date: Mon, 06 Nov 95 14:04:34 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: ABSLST-L@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU Subject: Proposed course in Conflict Resolution: Any Ideas here is a course proposal I am working on... Question is this something that we can do collaboratively:::i.e., with our respective students...via the internet....a dynamic course aimed at racial/ethnic group conflict and its resolution...let me know your thoughts.... I have been struggling with trying to collect my thoughts for a capstone course in BWS. Some of them, in very rough form, are presented below. I would appreciate any advice you might give that I can use to strengthen the proposal. Thanks. BWS: 495 "Race/Ethnic Relations: Conflict Resolution and the Internet - Process and Solutions" - A Seniors Honors Course Pedagogical Rational All too often racial/ethnic groups (in America and throughout the world) and issues relating to their existence are objectified. Such objectification reduces racial/ethnic group existence to that of problems that are then researched, examined, and discussed but rarely solved. The consequences of this approach are that racial/ethnic groups and problems become inseparable in the minds of the student and lay public. Thus rather then the problems faced by racial/ethnic groups, the subject of inquiry becomes racial/ethnic group problems, the problem of racial/ethnic groups, etc. Historically, to the extent that solutions are rendered, they are done so with the aim of rehabilitating racial/ethnic groups. While the problem(s) remain(s) unresolved. Alternatively, problem focused research concentrates on symptomatic discussions rarely identifying underlying causes, symbiotic relationships (between problems), and structural processes that inhibit identification of specific solutions and/or successful policy formulation. What this means is that we periodically rediscover the same problem set(s), offer typically the same cosmetic solutions which results in frustration and apathy when our efforts prove ineffectual. It is envisioned that this capstone course would be process and solutions oriented. The course would have three primary foci: (1) Problem identification (i.e., analysis of the historical, social, political and ethical context by which a problem set has emerged), (2) process identification (i.e., cross-cultural analysis of programs and policies implemented to resolve similar types of problem sets), and (3) solution generation (i.e., the synthesis of 1 and 2 above into an action plan aimed at resolving, solving, eliminating the problem set). This capstone course is designed to be labor intensive (both for students and faculty). A seminar format, with its implicit informal/intimate character, would best accommodate this course. Class size would therefore be limited to no more then 20 upperclass students. While this capstone would not specifically require that students either complete a BWS thematic sequence or be BWS majors, it does assume as prerequisites one or more of the following: Research and Data Analysis, Policy Design, Understanding the history, politics, theories, sociology of the racial/ethnic groups. Obviously, the more of these prerequisites the student has mastered the greater potential benefits of such an educational experience. Optimally (and with the understanding that no one student will have mastered these areas), the student makeup of the class would maximize each of these areas thereby increasing the group learning experience for all. `Students will accomplish the following and consequently learn the following because of this course. 1) Create and maintain a lstsrv linking students on the Internet concerned with Conflict Resolution 2) Understand the nature of different types of ethnic/racial conflict to include history, theory, and practice 3) Understand the nature and complexity of conflict resolution 4) acquire knowledge and formulate ideas regarding conflict resolution overall and particularly as it applies to a specific conflict situation. Optimally, seminar students will interact with their peers at other universities on a listserv devoted to conflict resolution. At the very least, students will identify news groups and other listsrvs devoted to ethnicity, race, and/or conflict resolution. This will provide a practical medium to discuss and expand students understanding and knowledge of various types of racial/ethnic conflict and its resolution. Readings for this course will come from: 9506322 Volpe, Maria R. "An Urban University-Based Conflict Resolution Program" 1994 Education and Urban Society, 1994, 27, 1, Nov, 22-34. Martin Luther King's Where do we go from here: Community or Chaos Harris, Albert W."Negotiation Context: An Introductory Essay " 1994 Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, I-xxv. Zoubir, Yahia H., "Protracted Conflict and Failure to Achieve Prenegotiation in the Western Sahara Conflict," 1994, Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, 1-44. Norman, Alex J.," Black-Korean Relations: From Desperation to Dialogue, or from Shouting and Shooting to Sitting and Talking" 1994, Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 1994, 3, 2, 87-99. Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.; Edleson, Jeffrey L. " Predicting the Use of Conflict Resolution Tactics among Engaged Arab-Palestinian Men in Israel" 1994 Journal of Family Violence, 1994, 9, 1, Mar, 47-62. Antonovsky, Aaron , Mburu, F. M.; Waitzkin, Howard; Siegrist, Johannes Complexity, "Conflict, Chaos, Coherence, Coercion and Civility " 1993 Social Science and Medicine, 1993, 37, 8, Oct, 969-981. Stone, John "Power, Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution" 1992 Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, 1992, 12(Part A), 89-105. Borg, Marian J. "Conflict Management in the Modern World-System"1992 Sociological Forum, 1992, 7, 2, June, 261-282. UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 6 10:25:13 1995 Date: Mon, 06 Nov 95 12:25:38 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies Subject: Racial/Ethnic relations: Conflict resolution and the inte I am attempting to develop a seminar which will explore the theory, origens, and current status of various forms of racial and ethnic relations. The chief goal of the seminar will be to introduce students to the field of conflict resolutions through the dynamic arena of the internet. I envision that 20 so students here would interact with sets of students on a soon to be created lstsrv devoted to conflict resolution by students. Any thoughts on how this may be accomplished? Any thoughts as to how we can link up classes from different institutions for this...? respond to me directly...thanks. UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 4 03:19:11 1995 Date: Sat, 4 Nov 1995 03:19:08 -0700 (MST) From: Robert Johnson To: REVS@CSF.COLORADO.EDU Subject: Nigeria: Death Sentence for Activists Date: Thu, 2 Nov 1995 12:43:14 -0500 From: Abdul-Rehman Malik as-Shukri Nigeria: Death Sentence for Activists Date Distributed (ymd): 951101 Pressure from around the world is mounting on the Nigerian government following the death sentence handed down earlier this week for Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues. Reaction has come not only from Nigerian pro- democracy activists and human rights organizations, but also from environmental groups. While the major immediate focus is on saving the lives of the condemned activists, Nigerian pro-democracy campaigners also stress that pressure on the regime needs to be escalated for release of all detainees and for an end to military rule. Nobel-prize-winning Nigerian author Wole Soyinka urged South Africa in particular to lead the international community in imposing strict economic sanctions on military-ruled Nigeria. "There has to be the threat of withdrawal of diplomatic relations and severe economic sanctions," Soyinka, told BBC radio from exile in Britain. "It is the only way lives will be saved," he said. The Nigerian Democratic Movement issued the following statement. The two additional bulletins below, from Amnesty International and Friends of the Earth, provide additional background and indicate possible action. ************************************************************ About Ken Saro-Wiwa -------------------- The death sentences announced today on Ken Saro-Wiwa and other Ogoni activists are simply outrageous, and represent not only a continuation of the oppressive nature of this regime, but also its latest manifestation of a new tendency to draw attention to itself to elicit legitimacy: death sentences, world appeals for clemency, commutation (?), relief from international pressure? No one must be fooled. The Nigerian Democratic Movement and other well-meaning Nigerians demand justice, freedom and fair-play in Nigeria, and will settle for nothing less. We ask that you join us in vigorously protesting this official policy of hostage-taking by the military junta in Nigeria, and DEMAND THAT NO ONE MUST BE OFFICIALLY MURDERED, not the alleged coupists (for example, in retaliation for their latest revelations), not Saro-Wiwa or any other Ogoni activists. =========================================== Issued by the Executive Council of the Nigerian Democratic Movement (NDM), P.O. Box 91291, Washington, DC 20090; Tel: 202/806-4793; 301/989-0016; 202/395-7052; 301/808-0800; Fax: 202/806-4632; Email contact: maluko@scs.howard.edu ******************************************************** +------------------------------------------------------+ + AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL URGENT ACTION BULLETIN + + Electronic distribution authorised + + This bulletin expires: 12 December 1995. + +------------------------------------------------------+ EXTERNAL AI Index: AFR 44/25/95 31 October 1995 Further information on UA 200/94 (AFR 44/03/94, 24 May 1994) and follow-up (AFR 44/07/94, 27 June 1994) - Prisoners of conscience / Legal concern / Health concern and new concerns: Unfair trial / Death penalty NIGERIA Ken Saro-Wiwa, writer and environmentalist, President of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) Dr Barinem Kiobel, former Rivers State Commissioner (minister) and new names: Saturday Dobee Paul Levura Nordu Eawo Felix Nuate Daniel Gbokoo John Kpuinen, student Baribor Bera, farmer On 30 and 31 October 1995, after what Amnesty International believes to have been politically-motivated and unfair trials, the nine people named above were convicted of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Amnesty International considers at least two of them - Ken Saro-Wiwa and Dr Barinem Kiobel - to be prisoners of conscience, imprisoned for the non-violent expression of their political views. The nine were convicted in connection with the murder of four Ogoni leaders by an angry crowd in May 1994, for which the leadership of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) was pronounced responsible by the authorities the day after the murders. MOSOP, a non-governmental organization in Rivers State, southeast Nigeria, has been targeted by the government in recent years for its non-violent campaign against environmental damage by oil companies and for more autonomy for the Ogoni ethnic group. The defendants were detained incommunicado and without charge for at least eight months before being charged; several were alleged to have been tortured or ill-treated in military custody. They were convicted in two trials conducted simultaneously by a Civil Disturbances Special Tribunal in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. This court, which falls outside the normal judicial system, was appointed by the military government especially to try these cases. The trials contravened Nigerian and international standards for fair trial to which the Nigerian government is committed, in particular the right to fair trial by an independent court and the right of appeal to a higher and independent jurisdiction. The Tribunal has shown itself to be neither independent of government control nor impartial. The Federal Military Government has controlled every aspect of the case: the arrests, investigations, prosecution, appointment of the tribunal and the progress of the trial itself. Two key prosecution witnesses alleged that they were threatened and bribed to give false evidence. The defence lawyers withdrew from the trials in June and July 1995 in protest at continued bias by the Tribunal in favour of the prosecution. Ledum Mitee and four other defendants in the two trials were acquitted. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Following the death in detention in August 1995 of detainee Clement Tusima, apparently after months of serious illness and medical neglect (see UA 219/95, AFR 44/19/95, 15 September), at least 17 other Ogoni detainees arrested in mid-1994 remain imprisoned without trial. They were detained incommunicado and without charge until June 1995 when they were transferred from police detention to prison custody on a "holding charge", but it is not clear whether they too are to be tried by the Civil Disturbances Special Tribunal in connection with the same murders. For further information, please refer to Nigeria: the Ogoni trials and detentions, 15 September 1995 (AFR 44/20/95). +----------------------------------------------------------- + + Supporters of Amnesty International around the world are + writing urgent appeals in response to the concerns + described above. If you would like to join with them in + this action or have any queries about the Urgent Action + network or Amnesty International in general, please + contact one of the following: + + Ray Mitchell, rmitchellai@gn.apc.org (UK) + Scott Harrison, sharrison@igc.apc.org (USA) + Guido Gabriel, ggabriel@amnesty.cl.sub.de (Germany) + Marilyn McKim, aito@web.apc.org (Canada) + Michel Ehrlich, mehrlich@aibf.be (Belgium) +----------------------------------------------------------- ****************************************************** FRIENDS OF THE EARTH-US October 31, 1995 EMERGENCY ALERT****EMERGENCY ALERT****EMERGENCY ALERT NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENTALIST, KEN SARO-WIWA, SENTENCED TO DEATH Ken Saro-Wiwa, environmental activist and leader of the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, and nine others were sentenced today to death by a Nigerian military tribunal. Saro-Wiwa, recipient of the Goldman Environmental Prize and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, leads the struggle of the Ogoni people against Shell Oil, whose operations have contaminated their land and resources for more than three decades. Last year, Saro-Wiwa was jailed in connection with the murder of four Ogoni leaders, which human rights groups have said are false charges. Amnesty International has declared Saro-Wiwa a Prisoner of Conscience. The four year peaceful campaign of the Ogonis has been met by repression from the Nigerian military dictatorship leading to the deaths of more than 1,000 Ogoni. Shell Oil has also been implicated in the violence that has transcended this region. According to human rights groups, Shell has used military personnel to defend their oil operations, resulting in some injuries and deaths. Since 1958, Royal Dutch Shell has extracted US $30 billion in oil from Ogoniland, but the Ogoni people still lack basic services, healthcare, and jobs. ACTIONS TO TAKE: 1. Contact the Clinton Administration and ask that the Administration come out strongly against this sentencing and demand the release of Saro-Wiwa and the others. The United States has political pull with Nigeria, particularly given that the U.S. consumes 70 percent of Nigeria's oil. Specifically, we are asking that Clinton call General Abacha of Nigeria, denouncing the verdicts and warn that if these people are put to death, it will have profound political ramifcations. Fax a letter or call: Anthony Lake Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs National Security Council Washington, DC 20504 tel: 202-395-3000 fax: 202-456-2883 2. Send a letter to General Abacha, the military ruler of Nigeria, asking for Saro-Wiwa's immediate release, citing the international condemnation this sentencing has received. Fax letter to: General Sani Abacha President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria c/o The Nigerian Ambassador to the United States Nigerian Embassy 1333 16th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 fax: 202-775-1385 3. Send a letter to Shell denouncing their role in the Ogoni situation and asking for Shell to come out strongly for the release of the wrongly accused. Fax letter to: Phillip J. Carroll, CEO Shell Oil Corporation Houston, Texas fax: 713-241-4044 For more infomation, contact: Andrea Durbin, FRIENDS OF THE EARTH-USFoE-US tel: 202-783-7400, ext 209 fax: 202-783-0444 email: foedc@igc.apc.org. ******************************************************* This material is being reposted for wider distribution by the Africa Policy Information Center (APIC). APIC's primary objective is to widen the policy debate in the United States around African issues and the U.S. role in Africa, by concentrating on providing accessible policy-relevant information and analysis usable by a wide range of groups and individuals. APIC is affiliated with the Washington Office on Africa (WOA), a not-for-profit church, trade union and civil rights group supported organization that works with Congress on Africa-related legislation. NOTE: For additional information on the content of material cited from another source, please contact directly the source mentioned in the posting rather than APIC. Note: If you did not request to be on our distribution list, you were suggested by someone else as likely to be interested, or you are receiving this on another list or bulletin board or as forwarded by someone else. 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Email: apic@igc.apc.org. ******************************************************* From fredr@hawaii.edu Mon Nov 6 18:08:16 1995 Date: Mon, 6 Nov 1995 15:00:41 -1000 From: Fred Riggs To: Joyce Neu Subject: Refugees and Intervention In-Reply-To: Dear Joyce: I am forwarding your inquiry to R.E.V.Net, a list for persons especially interested in ethnic conflict -- perhaps someone on the list will be able tro help you. I have written about "Migration and Ethnonationalism" in which there is a discussion about the relation of refugees (and settlers) to ethnonational conflicts -- and genocide is often an important factor -- but I have not addressed the specific question you ask -- but I'd be glad to airmail the paper to you. You might also look for peoplel who have studied specific cases -- Rwanda, Cambodia, etc. Good luck. Fred On Fri, 3 Nov 1995, Joyce Neu wrote: > Has anyone done any work on repatriation of refugees following genocide? > Any references, contacts, etc. would be appreciated. > > Many thanks, > Joyce Neu > From susan.krutt@aspeninst.org Thu Nov 9 10:58:29 1995 Date: 9 Nov 1995 12:58:17 U From: "Susan Krutt" Subject: Research on NGOs To: "REVS Listserv" For Release: Immediately Contact: David Williams (202) 736-5831 E-mail: nsrfund1@aol.com Research Opportunities on International Peace/Conflict Resolution NGOs Announced WASHINGTON, DC, November 9, 1995 -- The Aspen Institute's Nonprofit Sector Research Fund (NSRF) announces a new program supporting research on peace/conflict resolution initiatives taken by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the following conflicts: South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Israel/Palestine. The Program on NGOs in Peace and Conflict Resolution will provide grants of up to $100,000 to three research teams over a two-year period to assess the role, impact, and activities of NGOs working toward peace in each of these conflicts. Results will be presented at the 1998 International Society for Third-Sector Research biennial conference on "The Role of Third Sector Organizations in Conflict Resolution." Projects will address the extent to which NGOs have influenced the settlement of disputes in South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Israel/Palestine. These studies will help us to understand the dynamics of the peace/conflict resolution processes at work in these regions prior to the historic signing of peace agreements. Project directors are Professor Benjamin Gidron of Ben Gurion University, Israel and Professor Stanley Katz of Princeton University. The application deadline is January 31, 1996, with awards announced in March, 1996. The Nonprofit Sector Research Fund seeks to expand understanding of nonprofit sector activities, including philanthropy and its underlying values, by supporting basic and applied research undertaken by scholars and practitioners. It operates a national grantmaking program, as well as two statewide programs in California and Michigan. Proposal evaluation is informed by a peer review process, with final funding decisions made by NSRF's governing Council. The Aspen Institute brings enduring ideas and values to bear on issues of practical leadership in today's world. It accomplishes this through nonpartisan seminars and policy programs designed for leaders in business, government, the media, education, the arts, and the independent sector from democratic societies worldwide. For proposal guidelines, application materials or other information please contact: Nonprofit Sector Research Fund The Aspen Institute 1333 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Suite 1070 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 736-5831 (202) 467-0790 - FAX E-Mail: nsrfund1@aol.com Guidelines are also available on the Fund's World Wide Web site at: http://www.aspeninst.org/dir/polpro/nsrf/nsrf1.html From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Fri Nov 10 11:45:17 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Fri, 10 Nov 1995 12:45:53 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: JOB ANNOUNCEMENT The following message, which appeared on PSN, may be of interest to some REVS list members: ------------------------------ From: Martha Gimenez Date: Thu, 9 Nov 1995 11:22:05 -0700 (MST) To: PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Subject: JOB ANNOUNCEMENT Tenure-Track position: race and ethnic relations/urban sociology, beginning Fall 1996. Ph.D. should be completed by Summer 1996. We seek a candidate who can teach at the undergraduate and graduate levels and who can relate his/her interests to the department's core areas of interest and strength - society and politics or deviance and social control. The University of Colorado, a public research university, supports the principle of diversity, including women, ethnic minorities and the disabled. The Department of sociology has undergone significant changes in recent years and is strongly committed to principles of excellence in scholarship and teaching and to a theoretically and methodologically broad sociology that is relevant to contemporary issues. To apply: send letter of application, statement of research and teaching interests, and vitae listing references to Professor Martha E. Gimenez, Chair Faculty Search Committee, Sociology Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0327 by Jan. 15, 1996. From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Thu Nov 9 15:51:41 1995 Date: Thu, 09 Nov 95 17:45:51 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Association of Black Sociologists Subject: race and social control: Part II I promised more so here it is: when last we talked I made the following observations: Race, a socially constructed means of social control, serves to perpetuate economic, social, political, psychological, religious, ideological and legal systems of inequality. If you could imagine s series of concentric circles, each labled according to the above list (add more if you can think of them), which serve to define, structure and limit the black experience - then the conceptualization of race will be realized. As concentric circles, these constraints appear to be much like a bird cage. To the causual observer, each wire does not appear to be sufficient in and of itself to retain the bird. But when viewed from either within or as a whole we see a finely constructed cage. The problem, from a pedogogical, policy, research, or activist perspective, is that we tend to concentrate on only one wire-or phemenon. Removal of which leads to great anticipation that the war has been won. Unfortunately, while even more insideous wires are being constructed, the others are left in tact. As with our discussion re: terminology. The deeper we go, the more we see. Race is a multi-layered, multi-dimensional janus headed beast which, although socially constructed, has a momentum of its own. The beast has a life of its own primarily because we (all of us) are indoctrinated from birth, emershed in this viscious interacting web of confusion. The most viscious aspect of this emersion is the acceptance of the permanance of the structure(s) that we call race. Part of this is belied by such notions as its immutability, its endurance (its always been this way, right ---wrong!!!) and its continual agility. Racial domination as a means of social control appears to be quite agile or adept at adjusting to changing social climates. When under attack, it can be found deeply submerged in the societal psyche. As conditions change, as new presures insist upon a sacrificial lamb, it re-emerges - fresh, clean and newly adorned. Race as a process of social construction: Race is continually under construction through the various means of socialization. The chief means of socialization are the family, government, school, church, peers and friendship networks, work, and of course the media. (note: this list is not intended to be exhaustive but rather illustrative.) In this section we shall deal with the family as it applies to the production, manipulation, alteration and perpetuation of social constructs. Children are not born with a concept of race or their identity within a racial matrix fixed. These are learned and constantly manipulated throughout ones life. From infancy to the 4th year, children typically are unaware of their racial identity. After this period, they seem preocuppied with it as evidenced by their ability to lable themselves and significant others by virtue of physically identifiable learned racial classifications. Race, may be viewed as an rudementary extension of family. Within this institution typically the child bonds with, identifies with and learns to perfer this group above others. It is here that the infant first learns to differientiate between self and others. As this process is extended to those outside of the family racial categorization comes into being. In this process of diffferentiation the child also learns the biases implicitly and explicitly projected by significant role models and socialization agents. The interaction of these characterizations with those presented (either implicitly or explicitly) through school, church, peers and friendship networks, and the media serves to perserve and/or modify ones attitudes with reference to racial identity. What I am suggesting is a dynamic, as opposed to a static, process. more on this later: UU UU MMMM MMMM OOOOOOOO JJJJJJJJ A UU UU MMMMM MMMMM OOOOOOOO JJJJJJJJ AAA UU UU MM MM MM MM OO OO JJ AA AA UU UU MM MM MM MM OO OO JJ AAAAAAA UUUUUUU MM MM MM OOOOOOOO JJJJJJ AA AA UUUUUUU MM MM MM OOOOOOOO JJJJJJ AA AA i still be me...rodney c and the struggle continues... UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From united@aps.nl Fri Nov 10 01:00:22 1995 for revs@csf.colorado.edu To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: media release "Kristallnacht" From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Thu, 09 Nov 95 14:31:24 +0200 Organization: Activist Press Service, Amsterdam UNITED for Intercultural Action European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees PB 413, NL-1000 AK Amsterdam, phone +31-20-6834778, fax +31-20-6834582, e-mail united@aps.nl MEDIA RELEASE 9/11/95 (for section international news) Holocaust survivors and refugees unite to condemn 57 years of European asylum policies Today, November 9th 1995, the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism, hundreds of organisations from 27 European countries have commemorated the 57th anniversary of the Nazi pogrom RKristallnachtS and shown solidarity with refugees in an international campaign, coordinated by the European anti-racist network UNITED. A series of pickets on SwitzerlandUs borders with Germany and Austria commemorated the refusal by the Swiss government to admit Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany in 1938. Holocaust survivors, eyewitnesses and present-day refugees joined together in a unique cooperation between anti-fascist, Jewish and refugee organisations from the three countries. In London, a public meeting commemorating Kristallnacht and highlighting the continuing persecution of refugees was addressed by well-known speakers from Jewish and refugee organisations. In Amsterdam, a memorial meeting at the Jewish resistance monument was followed by a public meeting on refugees, and supported by many other activities in the Netherlands. All these actions attracted major media attention, including television and radio coverage. Other demonstrations have taken place in Prague, Newcastle, Helsinki, Berlin, Moscow, Warsaw, Leuven and Toronto. Major meetings were held in Dublin, Ljubljana, St Petersburg, Kiev and Stockholm. RUNITED for Intercultural ActionS also coordinated hundreds of other actions like solidarity pickets for all victims of racism and fascism, exhibitions, memorial minutes of silence, public speaking tours, conferences, blockades, discussions, concerts, info meetings, film shows etc. Shortly before the RKristallnachtS pogrom in 1938 in Nazi Germany, the Evian Conference took place in France. There, 32 governments met to discuss what to do about Jewish refugees from Germany. They chose to do nothing - except to restrict immigration laws. The result of the conference was to leave hundreds of thousands of Jews to their fate - to die in the Holocaust. Today, refugees seeking safety in Europe are still denied the chance to live a life free from fear of persecution and death. RFortress EuropeS prevents asylum seekers from entry to European states. Increased militarisation of borders, with army patrols and infra-red detection equipment, means refugees are forced to cross borders in dangerous and illegal ways, and are dying in hundreds as a result. The actions on 9 November 1995 will make the link between these two tragedies. For further information contact Louise Bernstein or Jrgen Sch fer. _____________________________end media release_________________________ UNITED for Intercultural Action is with 340 organisations from 38 European countries the biggest European network against nationalism, racism, fascism and in support of migrants and refugees. From n-karni@uiuc.edu Fri Nov 10 19:42:38 1995 Date: Fri, 10 Nov 1995 20:42:13 -0600 To: revs@csf.colorado.edu From: n-karni@uiuc.edu (Niranjan S. Karnik) Subject: Proposed course in Conflict Resolution: Any Ideas Several thoughts come to mind with regard to your course. First, the topics you are addressing parallel a course in development here at Illinois for graduated students. The format this the Illinois course will take centers on a case study approach and covers a number of regions for which Illinois has particular expertise. This format may not be particularly helpful for your class of honors undergraduates. I suggest that you try some structured role playing situations. You could assign students to work through one particular conflict where you have experience. Break the class into several groups and have them each research a side. In the Indo-Pakistani situation, for example, there could a group for each of the following: Indian Hindus Indian Muslims Kashmiris Pakistani Government United States This excercise carried out in a series of critical neogotiations and debates could lead your students into deeper discussions of how perceived history feeds into racial/ethnic hatreds which combine with current security concerns. How these factors place obstactles in the process of neogotiating lasting solutions to ethnic violence. By devoting time in class over an extended period to role playing, students may gain some understanding of how deeply felt some hatreds are and what measures would be needed to move beyond them. Obviously, I would not allow such debates to extend to far because students may take their opinions and arguments quite personally. At the end of each debate/discussion period, I would have a debriefing in which students could try to reconcile what they have learned through the role playing with trying to achieve workable solutions. well thats it. good luck with the class, Niranjan Karnik -------------------------------------- Niranjan S. Karnik MD-PhD Candidate, ACDIS Interdisciplinary Fellow Department of Sociology and Medical Scholars Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Mailing Address: ACDIS Program 359 Armory Building 505 E. Armory Avenue Champaign, IL 61820 Telephone: (217) 351-1660 - home (217) 333-7086 - dept. Email: n-karni@uiuc.edu URL: http://ux1.cso.uiuc.edu/~nkarnik From TSIMON@pmail.miyazaki-mic.ac.jp Sun Nov 12 21:03:47 1995 13 Nov 95 13:13:52 +1100 From: "Thomas Simon" Organization: Miyazaki International College To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 13:01:34 +1100 Subject: Religion and Violence A colleague of mine is doing research on religion and violence and wants to know of any analyses of the effects of rape on Muslim women. For example, do the women find support within the community or do they experience ostracism? Thomas W. Simon Miyazaki International College 1405 Kano, Kiyotake-cho Miyazaki 889-16 Japan Fax: 011-81-985-84-3396 Phone:011-81-985-85-5931 e-mail: tsimon@pmail.miyazaki-mic.ac.jpWWW: http://www.miyazaki-mic.ac.jp/faculty/tsimon/Home.html From bertocci@Oakland.edu Mon Nov 13 15:43:25 1995 Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 17:43:18 -0500 (EST) From: bertocci To: Thomas Simon Subject: Re: Religion and Violence In-Reply-To: <120F8B4329D@pmail.miyazaki-mic.ac.jp> To: Thomas Simon and other interested REVS subscribers I can think of one historical case of war in which Muslim women were the objects of violence and rape and from which your colleague might draw useful data for his or her study: the Bangladesh war of independence (or Pakistan civil war, if one prefers) in 1971. A whole chapter devoted to the subject of rape during that conflict is found in Susan Brownmiller's *Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape, 1975. See also, Aubrey Menen, "The Rapes of Bangladesh," New York Times Magazine, pp. 11ff., July 23, 1972. Ms. Magazine of August 1972 (Volume 1, No. 2), contains a photo essay entitled "Women of Bangladesh," by Jason Laure and Joyce Goldman. There may have been other studies since then. I hope this might be helpful for a start. Unfortunately, these accounts do not indicate that much in the way of support for the many victims was forthcoming; it appears that rejction by their husbands and families was more often the rule. Peter J. Bertocci Department of Sociology and Anthropology Oakland Univesity Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA On Mon, 13 Nov 1995, Thomas Simon wrote: > A colleague of mine is doing research on religion and violence and wants > to know of any analyses of the effects of rape on Muslim women. For > example, do the women find support within the community or do they > experience ostracism? > Thomas W. Simon > Miyazaki International College > 1405 Kano, Kiyotake-cho > Miyazaki 889-16 Japan > Fax: 011-81-985-84-3396 > Phone:011-81-985-85-5931 > e-mail: tsimon@pmail.miyazaki-mic.ac.jpWWW: http://www.miyazaki-mic.ac.jp/faculty/tsimon/Home.html > From johnsorl@colorado.edu Sat Nov 11 19:18:47 1995 Date: Sat, 11 Nov 1995 19:17:51 -0700 (MST) From: Coyote To: anthropology@iinet.net.au revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Thoughts on The Death of Ken Saro-Wiwa (fwd) This posting has been forwarded to you as a service of Accion Zapatista de Austin. NOTE BENE: Despite world-wide protest Saro-Wiwa and eight other freedom fighters were murdered by hanging on Friday, November 10, 1995 --another day to be added to the calender of days of infamy. These men are dead; the struggle will go on. In the Amnesty International material below you will find a fax of protest to Shell Oil whose profits the military junta are protecting. The letter is typical of Amnesty International's style: calm, measured and attributing impossible ideas both to the writer and to Shell Oil: "I expected Shell Oil to do all it could to stop the violations and save lives. I understand that the only public action Shell took to prevent this travesty was at the 11th hour in a letter requesting clemency. Shell Oil must now strongly and publicly condemn the Nigerian government for this brutal action." Anyone who "expected" Shell Oil to do ANYTHING effective to stop the murder of its opponents is a fool and by saying so, sounds like one. As for Shell condemning the murders, well, that seems just as highly unlikely, although words alone are cheap and as the White House has demonstrated, useless. As for "contributing to the relief" of those displaced by military brutality, that too seems unlikely, but suppose they did. They would certainly do so in such a manner as to gain their own ends, e.g., break up communities through relocation, build easily controlled housing etc. We have lots of examples of what such corporate/state "benevolence" can produce. Amnesty's prototype fax is too soft. At any rate, the reason for these postings was partly to help the struggle for these men's survival, partly to remind those involved in the struggles in Mexico that they are not alone. Conditions of exploitation and state repression are omnipresent in the world and the best way to win one battle is to link up with those involved in others. This battle has been lost. Others will follow, in Ogoniland and in Chiapas. The Nigerian police still stride across the Ogoni with their iron heels. The Mexican army and police still promulgate their "low intensity warfare" against the people of Chiapas. Here in the United States, the elaboration of police-state methods for the control of people of all sorts continues apace: more executions (Mumia),more prisons, more police, more border controls, more censorship, fewer rights, fewer chances to appeal, less due process, and now a "Omnibus Anti-Terrorism Bill" is being cooked up in Washington to legalize even more repressive state measures against all sorts of rebels and those who fight for change. If those in the U.S. whose attention is focused abroad, those who are fighting for Democracy in Mexico don't pay attention and add their energy to the resistance to such measures, they may find their ability to provide solidarity abroad crippled by an attack from behind. Just as it is worthwhile comparing and contrasting the situation of campesinos and indigenous in Chiapas with similar situations elsewhere in the world, so too is it worth comparing and contrasting the repressive mechanisms of state control in Mexico (or Nigeria) with those in the United States. If the history of the conservative counter-revolution of these last years has taught us anything, it should be that we can never rest on our laurels. We can never assume that because we have had the power to limit such repression in the past, we will have it in the future. Battles are won; the war goes on. Terrain gained yesterday can be lost today, or tomorrow if we are not careful. For the most part, at this point in history, I am impressed by how much we have won, by how deep the crisis it has caused for the capitalist system has been, by how inept the counter-revolution has been (relying mostly on brute force with little or no imagination), and by how successful has been our resistance to that force. However, at moments like these, when a battle is lost (nine good men are dead in Nigeria), it is impossible not to concentrate on the breath and depth of the forces arrayed against us. The conservative counter-revolution (sometimes called neo-liberalism) has been on the offensive now for quite a few years. It is global in scope and its armies are coordinated by supra-national institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The power of money (from national and multinational capital, from corporate financed foundations, from the taxation power of the capitalist dominated state) to repress is enormous. The power of money mobilizes the military and police forces of repression. It reorganizes production and reproduction in ways that undercut our ability to struggle. It buys massive propaganda campaigns to obfuscate and hide the meaning of its actions so people don't understand the forces which threaten them. It distracts attention from key fronts with spectacles in the mass media. It throws people out of work and makes them homeless so that those with jobs must work harder and worry more about their own ability to survive. It buys the propaganda of racism and sexism and it strives to pit the young against the old. Contemplating such diverse exercises of power is sobering to say the least, overwhelming and paralysing if not offset by an appreciation of our own power. We must always remember that, as a general rule, the viciousness of repression is proportionate to the threat. Every measure of repression is aimed at a source of rebellion. The study of repression and exploitation should lead us directly to the study and appreciation of our own strength. Ken Saro-Wiwa was hanged because his struggle and that of the Ogoni has posed a real threat to the profits of Shell and the Nigerian military. There are 50,000 Mexican Army troops in Chiapas (and unknown numbers of police, white guards, CIA, etc.) because the EZLN has posed a most profound threat to the future not only of the PRI but of capitalism in Mexico, and hence beyond. The endless stream of killings of political activists in Mexico and the sharpening of repressive measures in the United States are testimony to the growth of a movement that has not only the power to rebel but also the power to pose new alternatives, new ways of thinking, new visions of alternative worlds. People only limit their resistance to exploitation when they see no alternatives; they revolt when alternatives seem real and more attractive. Zapatista rhetoric has emphasized that the indigenous have revolted because they had nothing to lose. The change in Art. 27 of the Mexican Constitution coupled with NAFTA signaled the final enclosure of Chiapas and the destruction of their existence as coherent communities and peoples. This is true. But it has also become clear that beyond desperation, the campesinos and indigenous who have formed the EZLN have also been able to envision and to articulate alternative futures in which enclosure is averted, land is regained, exploitation is curtailed and communities have a chance to elaborate their own dreams and aspirations --and all this within a context of struggle which is not merely local, but national and even international. The same is true, I would argue, for many who have been inspired by the Zapatistas, their actions and their ideas. In the midst of an historical period in which the forces of reaction have been on the offensive (even though that "offensive" has been a reaction to the crisis our power has created) the Zapatista uprising and the movement for democracy which it has sparked has provoked solidarity and excitment not merely out of admiration for the last desperate act of a doomed people, but out of appreciation for the renewal of the dream of a better world, and out of recognition of the creativity and imagination which the Zapatistas have brought to the struggle for that dream. But whereas the desperation of the poor in Chiapas has been complemented with inspiring vision, this is not true of the forces of repression and exploitation. They have no new vision. The rhetoric of neoliberalism is but a recycling of stale 19th Century apolegetics for exploitation. The viciousness of capitalism in this period is truly that of desperate efforts by its functionaries to hang on to their wealth and their power over society at any cost. They have little to offer: life sentences to hard labor at low wages, with even less political freedom than before. Their economy and politics are both bankrupt. Human Rights Groups keep lists of the victims of political and economic repression. The list in Mexico has grown steadily. The list in Nigeria was lengthened by nine yesterday. These lists are only a very partial accounting of the lives the system is willing to waste to preserve itself. But these lists of the tortured and the dead are also honor rolls of those who have given their lives in the struggle to break these desperate and brutal efforts to preserve capitalist power and hegemony over society. As has been said so many times before, the only way to truly honor such dead is to carry on their struggle. True in Nigeria, true in Mexico, true in the United States, true throughout the world. Harry ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 10 Nov 1995 19:56:25 -0800 (PST) From: Margarita & Mike Lacabe To: Amnesty International Members List Subject: AIUSA Saro-Wiwa Action (fwd) From: Robin Milsom November 10 1995 Amnesty International USA Campaign Department announces with grief and dismay that the Nigerian government today executed Ken Saro-Wiwa, Barinem Kiobel, John Kounien, Baribor Bera, Saturday Dobee, Felix Nwate, Nordu Eawo, Paul Levura and Daniel Bgokoo. AIUSA has released the following press statement in reaction to this horrible travesty of justice. Following the press statement, you will find an action to be sent by FAX to Shell Oil offices in Washington DC and Houston TX. Please either sign the model letter yourself or print it out to use as a petition signed by as many people as you can fit on the page and fax it. You may want to copy this letter before signing the original. An Urgent Action has been issued and can be found on Peacenet in the AI.UAN conference. AIUSA Campaigns Department will be formulating additional followup actions in the next week. We want to thank all those who have worked and demonstrated so tirelessly to free Ken Saro-Wiwa and to save his life and those of his colleagues. We commit ourselves to redouble our efforts to pressure the government of Nigeria into changing its unacceptable behaviour. We will continue our fight at an even higher tempo. We hope you will come along with us. Sincerely, Sheila Dauer AIUSA Campaign Director +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Amnesty International USA News Release November 10, 1995 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: CHRISTINE HAENN 202/544-0200 X225 AIUSA EXPRESSES SHOCK AND OUTRAGE AT KILLINGS OF NIGERIAN ACTIVISTS WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Amnesty International USA today expressed shock and outrage over the executions of environmentalist and human rights activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight others who were convicted after an unfair trial because of their peaceful activism. "We condemn this brutal action by a regime that consistently refuses to respect fundamental rights to due process and freedom of expression," said AIUSA Executive Director William F. Schulz. For the past year since Mr. Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues have been imprisoned, the worldwide human rights community has called on the Nigerian government for their unconditional release. In additon, AIUSA has prevailed upon multi-national oil companies, which produce up to 80 percent of Nigeria's revenues, to use their influence to obtain the release of peaceful activists. Shell Oil, particularly, has been a target of Mr. Saro Wiwa's movement, MOSOP. "We deeply regret that the major corporate players, especially Shell Oil -- which might have been able to use their influence to save the lives of these courageous activists -- did virtually nothing. We call on them now to help keep alive Mr. Saro Wiwa's dream and to speak out against any further human rights abuses," Dr. Schulz said. In addition, AIUSA urged the U.S. government and the international community to reassess its relationship to Nigeria. "The U.S. government must demonstrate that it is unwilling to tolerate this kind of behavior on the part of an outlaw state. The U.S must evaluate what steps it can take through international bodies, including the World Bank, to express our outrage at this cruel action," Dr. Schulz said. Amnesty International sections around the world are committed to redoubling their efforts to seek the release of all prisoners of conscience in Nigeria and to return to the rule of law and respect for fundamental human rights. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Model Fax to Shell Oil Company I'm writing to express my shock, dismay and outrage at the execution in Nigeria of Ken Saro Wiwa, Dr. Barinem Kiobel and eight others on Nov. 10, 1995. This tragic killing of these peaceful environmental activists should never have happened. I expected Shell Oil to do all it could to stop the violations and save lives. I understand that the only public action Shell took to prevent this travesty was at the 11th hour in a letter requesting clemency. Shell Oil must now strongly and publicly condemn the Nigerian government for this brutal action. Despite Shell's contention that it had nothing to do with human rights violations in Ogoniland, the fact remains that Ken Saro Wiwa and his MOSOP organization were protesting environmental degradation due to Shell operations. In addition, the commander of the military unit that committed gross human rights violations in Ogoniland during May and August of 1994 boasted at a press conference that these actions were taken to protect Shell installations. Shell Oil has publicly expressed concern about the reaction in Nigeria to these executions. Shell can contribute to peaceful dialogue in Nigeria through visible, concrete actions to prevent future arrests, unfair trials, or executions of peaceful activists. In the effort to crush the Ogoni movement, homes were destroyed by the military in 30 villages. One concrete step Shell could take is to contribute to relief for those who were displaced and to reconstruction of destroyed homes. Shell should join world leaders, business leaders and concerned citizens around the world in an effort to gain the release of all prisoners of conscience in Nigeria and demand a return to rule of law and respect for international human rights in Nigeria. P. J. Carroll President, Shell Oil Company Houston Texas 713-241-5522 Steven Ward Vice President for Government Relations Washington DC 202-466-1498 From johnsorl@colorado.edu Mon Nov 13 15:58:17 1995 Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 15:58:02 -0700 (MST) From: Coyote To: Thomas Simon Subject: Re: Religion and Violence In-Reply-To: <120F8B4329D@pmail.miyazaki-mic.ac.jp> On Mon, 13 Nov 1995, Thomas Simon wrote: > A colleague of mine is doing research on religion and violence and wants > to know of any analyses of the effects of rape on Muslim women. For > example, do the women find support within the community or do they > experience ostracism? Ostracism. From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Mon Nov 13 16:34:35 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 17:16:21 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: HUN: Neo-Nazi Trial Opens >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following information appeared on the antiracism-eur network. I am forwarding it to REVS because it has information that may be of interest to REVS listmembers. ------------------------------ ## author : omripub@omri.cz ## date : 03.11.95 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- OMRI DAILY DIGEST No. 215, Part II, 3 November 1995 HUNGARIAN NEO-NAZI TRIAL OPENS. Two neo-Nazi leaders have appealed to the right to free speech at their trial in Budapest, which began on 1 November. The two men, along with several others, are charged with inciting racial hatred at numerous meetings where they denied that the Holocaust took place. They have also been accused of using prohibited symbols and circulating neo-Nazi propaganda material. Both denied the charges, saying that Hungarian neo-Nazi circles were formed "to serve the Hungarian nation . . . and to protect Hungarian culture and language." Meanwhile, liberal deputies suggested that President Arpad Goncz's earlier proposal to redefine what is meant in the criminal code by combatting extremism and incitement against minority groups. -- Zsofia Szilagyi [As of 12:00 CET] Compiled by Jan Cleave From BBA_at_E.T.F.@etf.it Tue Nov 14 02:20:58 1995 From: BBA_at_E.T.F.@etf.it Date: Tue, 14 Nov 95 10:13:20 Encoding: 9280 Text To: wsn@csf.colorado.edu, revs@csf.colorado.edu, psn@csf.colorado.edu, ppn@csf.colorado.edu, homeless@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Re: new book on xenophobia (fwd) > N E W X E N O P H O B I A I N E U R O P E > > This book was published recently by Kluwers. > It contains 27 country studies on the emergence of xenophobia since 1989. > It may be relevant for specialist in ethnic conflict, > human rights, racism, or nationalism. > At the same time, it reveals a sometimes bewildering > but fascinating picture of similarities and diversities > within European countries. > It may thus be a good tool for courses on Europe > (European Studies, Nationalism in Europe, European Politics, etc), > offering a focussed view of Europe's national particularities. > > Citations from the back cover: > > "...in the light of the latest wave of xenophobia and racism > this is indeed a very timely and important project... > Noam Chomsky, MIT Cambridge/MA > > "...xenophobia is in danger of becoming the first among the social passions, > and foreigners will be the scapegoats par excellence... > As a start we first need to know is really going on - > a task which this collection of reports valuably fulfills". > Tzvetan Todorov, CNRS Paris > > "... the need to understand this phenomenon requires an > interdisciplinary approach that combines the historical process, > as well as, the psychology and sociology of large groups... > this book accomplishes the task admirably." > Vamik D.Volkan, Center for the Study of Mind and Human Interactions, > University of Virginia > > > > > Keywords: > > > International Relations > > > Human Rights > > > > > > New Xenophobia in Europe > > > > > > edited by > > > Bernd Baumgartl > > > Istituto Universitario Europeo, Florence, Italy > > > Adrian Favell > > > Istituto Universitario Europeo, Florence, Italy > > > with an introduction by Ernest Gellner > > > University of Cambridge/UK and Central European University, Prague > > > > > > In the last years we have witnessed, predominantly within > > > Europe, a dramatic upsurge in xenophobic attitudes and ethnic > > > violence. This book analyses most European countries as far as the > > > feeling for, the treatment of, and the action against foreigners is > > > concerned and describes various aspects of the complexity and > > > variation of the xenophobia theme. > > > The economic recession, uncertainty about the future of granted values > > > and institutions (like the EU, NATO, and OSCE) has brought xenophobia > > > back to the forefront of the European agenda. This book is the product > > > of an initiative by researchers at the European University Institute > > > in Florence, and takes advantage of both the sophisticated research > > > undertaken at and the multi-national composition of the Institute: all > > > co-authors describe their own country, all have several years of > > > experience as social scientists working on dissertations and in > > > projects of related interest, and (nearly) all of them are EUI members > > > or alumni. > > > > > > > > > Kluwer Law International, The Hague > > > > > > Date of publishing: July 1995 > > > 416 pp. > > > Hardbound > > > ISBN: 90-411-0865-3 > > > Prices: > > > NLG: 150.00 > > > USD: 108.00 > > > GBP: 60.00 > > > > > > =========================================================================== == > > > ORDER FORM > > > > > > Author: Bernd Baumgartl > > > Title: New Xenophobia in Europe > > > ( ) Hardbound / ISBN: 90-411-0865-3 > > > NLG: 150.00 USD: 108.00 GBP: 60.00 > > > > > > > > > Ref: KAPIS > > > > > > ( ) Payment enclosed to the amount of ___________________________ > > > ( ) Please send invoice > > > ( ) Please charge my credit card account: > > > > > > Card no.: |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| Expiry date: _____________ _ > > > > > > () Access () American Express () Mastercard > > > () Diners Club () Eurocard () Visa > > > > > > Name of Card holder: __________________________________________________ _ > > > > > > Delivery address: > > > > > > Title : ___________________________ Initials: _______________M/F_____ _ > > > > > > First name : ______________________ Surname: _____________________________ _ > > > > > > Organization: _____________________________________________________________ _ > > > > > > Department : _____________________________________________________________ _ > > > > > > Address : _____________________________________________________________ _ > > > > > > Postal Code : ___________________ City: ___________________________________ _ > > > > > > Country : _____________________________Telephone: _____________________ _ > > > > > > Email : _____________________________________________________________ _ > > > > > > Date : _____________________ Signature: ____________________________ _ > > > > > > Our European VAT registration number is: |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| > > > > > > To be sent to: > > > For customers in Mexico, USA, Canada Rest of the world: > > > and Latin America: > > > > > > Kluwer Academic Publishers Kluwer Academic Publishers Grou p > > > Order Department Order Department > > > P.O. Box 358 P.O. Box 322 > > > Accord Station 3300 AH Dordrecht > > > Hingham, MA 02018-0358 The Netherlands > > > U.S.A. > > > > > > Tel : 617 871 6600 Tel : +31 78 392392 > > > Fax : 617 871 6528 Fax : +31 78 546474 > > > Email : kluwer@wkap.com Email : services@wkap.nl > > > After October 10, 1995 > > > Tel : +31 78 6392392 > > > Fax : +31 78 6546474 > > > > > > Payment will be accepted in any convertible currency. Please check the rate > > > of exchange with your bank. Prices are subject to change without notice. Al l > > > prices are exclusive of Value Added Tax (VAT). Customers in the Netherlands > > > please add 6% VAT. Customers from other countries in the European Community : > > > * please fill in the VAT number of your institute/company in the appropriat e > > > space on the orderform: or > > > * please add 6% VAT to the total order amount (customers from the U.K. are > > > not charged VAT). > > > > > > =========================================================================== == > > > > > > :Baumgartl, Bernd; New Xenophobia in Europe > > > New Xenophobia in Europe > > > Bernd Baumgartl > > > Adrian Favell > > > International Relations > > > Human Rights > > > July 1995 > > > > > > . > > > > > > > > > -- > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > Bernd Baumgartl * baumgart@datacomm.iue.it > Xenophobia Project * Working Group of Environmental Studies > > European University Institute Torre di Terigi > CPN 2330 Via Vicchio e Paterno 97 > I-50100 FIRENZE I-50012 Bagno a Ripoli (FI) > Italy Italy > > Fax: 39-55-599 887 Tel+Fax: 39-55-630 298 > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > -- > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > Bernd Baumgartl * baumgart@datacomm.iue.it > Xenophobia Project * Working Group of Environmental Studies > > European University Institute Torre di Terigi > CPN 2330 Via Vicchio e Paterno 97 > I-50100 FIRENZE I-50012 Bagno a Ripoli (FI) > Italy Italy > > Fax: 39-55-599 887 Tel+Fax: 39-55-630 298 > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > -- -------------------------------------------------------------------- Bernd Baumgartl * baumgart@datacomm.iue.it Xenophobia Project * Working Group of Environmental Studies European University Institute Torre di Terigi CPN 2330 Via Vicchio e Paterno 97 I-50100 FIRENZE I-50012 Bagno a Ripoli (FI) Italy Italy Fax: 39-55-599 887 Tel+Fax: 39-55-630 298 NEW ADDRESS AS OF 1 NOVEMBER 1995 Bernd Baumgartl * beb@etf.it European Training Foundation Private Address Villa Gualino Cascina Villa Maria Viale Settimio Severo 65 Strada Valpiana 133 I-10133 Torino I-10132 Torino Italy Italy Tel. 39-11-630-2222 Tel. 39-11-899-1420 Fax. 39-11-630-2200 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ============================================================================= ======== E-mail messages from the European Training Foundation ========= ======== shall not in any way be legally binding. ========= ============================================================================= From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Wed Nov 15 11:22:53 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 12:24:22 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: UNESCO directory >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: I received the following message and thought that perhaps someone on the REVS list might have the information being sought. ------------------------------ From: okamoto@shudo-u.ac.jp (!$B2,K\!!;0IW!(B) Date: Wed, 15 Nov 95 12:38:00 JST To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu, listproc@csf.colorado.edu afb@iz-bonn.gesis.d400.de, kclement@gmu.edu Subject: UNESCO directory I wonder if anyone knows the www home page or email account of the Human Rights Division of UNESCO. I have been looking for the UNESCO Directory of Peace Research Institutions around the world which they used to publish until some years ago. If you know any electronic service of the UNESCO, kindly let me know. Thank you in advance. Mitsuo Okamoto Professor of Peace Studies Hiroshima Shudo University Faculty of Law Department of International Politics 1717 Otsuka, Numata-cho, Asaminami-ku Hiroshima 731-31 Phone 082-848-2121 FAX 082-848-7788 E-mail okamoto@shudo-u.ac.jp From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Wed Nov 15 11:28:41 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 12:30:11 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: REVS@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: I received this message over the InterNet. It might be of interest to some REVS list members. I am not sure what the UNHCR is, or whether they are publishing this message to encourage more information or not. But some of the details of the message might be of interest. ------------------------------ From: Susin Park Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 16:31:52 +0100 Subject: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey UNHCR'S POSITION ON THE IRANIAN SIT-IN IN ANKARA Since August 4, a group of Iranian asylum-seekers has staged a sit-in at the headquarters of the United Socialist Party in Ankara. After careful review of these cases, UNHCR does not find that their claims meet refugee criteria. Nevertheless, the Iranians have been demanding that their cases be reopened and that the deportation orders issued to some by the Government of Turkey be revoked. (Deportation orders are issued by the Government to applicants who have failed to convince the authorities that they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their country of origin.) The sit-in organizers invited other rejected Iranian asylum-seekers to participate. Since then UNHCR's Office in Ankara has been flooded with correspondence and telephone calls from groups expressing sympathy and solidarity with this group. As of 9 November, the sit-in involves about 150 persons, although some individuals come and go. The group, including women and children, has been staying in crowded and unsanitary conditions for over two months. The Government is taking no special action against the protesters but has advised them to return to wherever they were staying and await the review of their individual cases. However, several cases are reported to have received deportation orders issued by the authorities in their assigned cities of residence upon expiration of their residence permits. Although UNHCR's assessment is clearly negative, several cases comprising some fifty persons have not yet been finally decided by the Government. Non-European asylum-seekers in Turkey who do not have passports and visas must register their claims with the Government in order to be granted temporary asylum under Turkish law. In parallel, UNHCR has been implementing a refugee status determination procedure in Turkey according to the UNHCR Statute and in view of Turkey's geographical reservation with regard to the 1951 Convention on Refugees and the 1967 Protocol, and as UNHCR been urging the Government of Turkey to implement its asylum procedures in line with international law and internationally accepted standards. UNHCR argues for full access by asylum-seekers to the Government procedure. A positive assessment of refugee claims by UNHCR is the basis for intervention when the Government's assessment is negative. UNHCR's positive assessment of cases is also the basis for submission to countries of resettlement. The Legal Unit of UNHCR in Ankara has carefully considered and reviewed the cases of Iranian individuals currently residing in the premises of the Socialist Party Headquarters in Ankara. UNHCR's lawyers have concluded after an extensive process that the profile of these cases, on the facts known to us, does not justify the granting of refugee status for any one of the reasons contained in the Statute of the Office and replicated in similar terms in the 1951 Convention and as defined under international law. UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva has been aware of the situation and the process and fully supports the decisions taken by its office in Turkey and the subsequent position not to re-open these cases for a further review, given that each case was carefully considered at first instance and in a review procedure. Many cases were given even a third or fourth review where justified by relevant new facts. UNHCR would urge all concerned individuals and organizations who have contacted us about this sit-in to concentrate their attention on persons whom UNHCR believes meet refugee criteria and on helping asylum-seekers to understand and comply with Turkish law. Constructive expressions of concern to the Government from non-governmental organizations about the way asylum procedures are being implemented in Turkey might also complement UNHCR's efforts on behalf of refugees and asylum-seekers. November 1995 UNHCR Geneva From rfjjk@aurora.alaska.edu Wed Nov 15 12:07:30 1995 From: rfjjk@aurora.alaska.edu Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 10:08:44 -0900 (AKST) To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Rape as Terror In-Reply-To: <199511151854.LAA09105@csf.Colorado.EDU> A good recent source on the use of rape as a weapon of war in Bosnia is: Cheryl Benard, "Rape as Terror: The Case of Bosnia," *The Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence* 6:1 (Spring 1994), 29-43. Jeffrey Kaplan From Don_R._Calkins@commonlink.com Wed Nov 15 13:00:55 1995 From: Don_R._Calkins@commonlink.com (Don R. Calkins) Reply-To: Don_R._Calkins@commonlink.com To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: Fwd: Terminology (fwd)] Date: 15 Nov 1995 13:09:04 GMT Organization: Common Link On-line Service > The way blacks speak does reflect this but much more: The language is > a blend of African/European and American influences...A creative > response to oppression yes...but it is distinctive..."peculiarly > black" Utilizing the language of the oppressor, transforming it to > suit our particular needs, and making it-through this transformation > truely our own While this is true, it is also true that from a linguists point of view, many of the linguistic *improprieties* of the language of the American Negro follow rules of language found among the West African languages. So what we have today is the result of a complex interplay between these two factors and all that caused them. Don C He who believes himself spiritual proves he is not - The Cloud of Unknowing From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Wed Nov 15 10:11:35 1995 Date: Wed, 15 Nov 95 12:06:50 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: African-American Research , Association of Black Sociologists , Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Subject: Race and Social Control: Part IIIa when last we talked I made the following observations: (Note new section starts at the ####@@@@) I'm sorry in my haste I excluded an section of this it is at the end...thanks..rc Race, a socially constructed means of social control, serves to perpetuate economic, social, political, psychological, religious, ideological and legal systems of inequality. If you could imagine s series of concentric circles, each labled according to the above list (add more if you can think of them), which serve to define, structure and limit the black experience - then the conceptualization of race will be realized. As concentric circles, these constraints appear to be much like a bird cage. To the causual observer, each wire does not appear to be sufficient in and of itself to retain the bird. But when viewed from either within or as a whole we see a finely constructed cage. The problem, from a pedogogical, policy, research, or activist perspective, is that we tend to concentrate on only one wire-or phemenon. Removal of which leads to great anticipation that the war has been won. Unfortunately, while even more insideous wires are being constructed, the others are left in tact. As with our discussion re: terminology. The deeper we go, the more we see. Race is a multi-layered, multi-dimensional janus headed beast which, although socially constructed, has a momentum of its own. The beast has a life of its own primarily because we (all of us) are indoctrinated from birth, emershed in this viscious interacting web of confusion. The most viscious aspect of this emersion is the acceptance of the permanance of the structure(s) that we call race. Part of this is belied by such notions as its immutability, its endurance (its always been this way, right ---wrong!!!) and its continual agility. Racial domination as a means of social control appears to be quite agile or adept at adjusting to changing social climates. When under attack, it can be found deeply submerged in the societal psyche. As conditions change, as new presures insist upon a sacrificial lamb, it re-emerges - fresh, clean and newly adorned. Race as a process of social construction: Race is continually under construction through the various means of socialization. The chief means of socialization are the family, government, school, church, peers and friendship networks, work, and of course the media. (note: this list is not intended to be exhaustive but rather illustrative.) In this section we shall deal with the family as it applies to the production, manipulation, alteration and perpetuation of social constructs. Children are not born with a concept of race or their identity within a racial matrix fixed. These are learned and constantly manipulated throughout ones life. From infancy to the 4th year, children typically are unaware of their racial identity. After this period, they seem preocuppied with it as evidenced by their ability to lable themselves and significant others by virtue of physically identifiable learned racial classifications. Race, may be viewed as an rudementary extension of family. Within this institution typically the child bonds with, identifies with and learns to perfer this group above others. It is here that the infant first learns to differientiate between self and others. As this process is extended to those outside of the family racial categorization comes into being. In this process of diffferentiation the child also learns the biases implicitly and explicitly projected by significant role models and socialization agents. The interaction of these characterizations with those presented (either implicitly or explicitly) through school, church, peers and friendship networks, and the media serves to perserve and/or modify ones attitudes with reference to racial identity. What I am suggesting is a dynamic, as opposed to a static, process. ####@@@@) This dynamic process is, as indicated above, multifaceted, multidemensional, time-geo-politically and class specific. The family as the initial agent of socialization serves to introduce, perpetuate and reinforce this dynamic process to the infant and child as it encourages the continual(ous) formation racial identity matrices, stereotypes, attitudes and behavior through play and toys, discourse, sanctioning mechanisms, tv, music (etc) in implicit and explicit, orchastrated and unintentional ways. Typically socialization practices in these regards appear to reflect intricate interactions between socio-economic status and race.Two different processes seem operant depending upon family ses in regards to the development, perpetuation and reinforcement of racial identity matrices, and stereotypical attitudes and behavior. What I am suggesting is that the lower the family ses the more conservative the process. Alternatively, the higher the family's ses the more liberal this socialization process will tend to be. Before I proceed further, the terms liberal and conservative (as I use them) needs clarification. Liberal in this context refers to the increased likelihood that socialization practices will encourage experimentation, creativity, and exploration in terms of racial identity matrices, attitudes and behavior. Alternatively, conservative suggests more rigidly defined and structured processes. I know that these are generalizations and am aware of how this might be misconstrued. At this point, let me offer the modification that with more resources comes a greater ability to offer alternatives. Alternatively, there is greater pressure (socially, psychically, and otherwise) to conform for those members of lower ses family structures. (I will spend more time on this at a later date. I am extremely sensitive to the culture of poverty arguement, in fact my argument is just the opposite. Those members of lower ses groups have greater presures placed on them to conform to soceital norms to include racial identity formation, more likely to be penalized for expressions of difference, and least likely to be encouraged to do otherwise. I do not want to imply that there is a culture of poverty. Simply put, I would argue that there is a structure which serves to limit options for those in lower ses groups. This structure is often confused and mislabled as a culture of poverty.) It is at this point that sexuality and/or gender identity must also be considered. If you accept my assumption that there is increased pressure to conform placed on lower ses families. Then it follows, to the extent that racial status is also a form of social status, that lower ses families who are also members of lower status racial groups will experience the highest presssures to conform. What this implies regarding gender identity formation is that these families will also be more ridid in their interpretation and encouragement of gender identity. There is also a tendency for higher levels of homophobia to be experienced. Girls in such families will find more encouragement to play with dolls, cooking sets, and to be generally docile. Boys is such families will find more encouragement to play with baseball and football, trucks and tanks, soldiers and guns. (Note all groups will find these gendered identities reinforced by hitech toys particular video games such as Sega and Nintendo). Higher ses racial minority families, with fewer constraints, will be more likely to encourage gender neutrality in the selection of toys, games and attitudes. Females, from these families, will especially benefit as they will be encouraged to play with such toys as erector and chemistry sets, video games, and etc. There is a greater likelihood, again due to increased resource capacity, for these video games to highlight and feature women heroines. This section I know is incomplete: I shall complete it next time. Right now I would like to shift our attention to the next major institution that typically comes into the mix -i.e. the school. The school (from pre to College) serves multiple roles in multiple dimensions in the process of racial identity matrix formation, maintenance, perpetuation and independently as an agent of social control for society. The non-dominant racial child and the professional are more likely to be judged guilty, incompetent, "the problem", biligerant, overly aggressive, obstenent, insubordinant and incourageable by the school in all its many guises (i.e. from pre-school to University, in Academic treatises and research notes). Whereas the typical white male is deemed innoncent, competent and given the benefit of the doubt until prove otherwise, the non-dominant individual is presumed guilty, incompetent, and suspect until they prove themselves otherwise. The non-dominant individual is more likely to be marginalized, isolated, and dismissed as non-relevant and more likely to be targeted, tokenized, and challenged regardless of status (student or professional) in the school system of America. For the professional this means that their scholarship is more likely to be considered ethnic, special topics and marginal to the discipline. They are more likely to be used by institutions as lightening rods, conspicously placed to be seen (the bank teller, the news reporter, the Affirmative Action officer, the Public relations expert, the recruiter, and or counselor particular to and for minority youths.) Those professionals in education who are members of non-dominant racial groups are more likely to be challenged, intellectually ghetorized, and punished if they ernestly attempt to change the system. For example, teachers who have demonstrated their ability to help particularly poor non-dominant group members perform at higher levels are typically displaced, replaced, are transfered to predominantly dominant group educational settings. Non-dominant children, who on average learn to speak, walk and read at earlier periods then dominant children, suddenly become slow learners, discipline problem and targets for isolation, ridicule and/or explusion. Aggression, which among dominant male children is praised and encouraged, is discouraged and prolematical when exhibited by non-dominant males or females in general. Well, I gotta go...but i will return to this later... New section: Within the academic context a strange game is revealed where scarce rewards are created and manipulated which serve to increase competition as non-minorities are pitted against each other both within and between groups. This is especially troubling in what has been described as affirmative action, scholarship programs and etc. Ronald Regan, notoreous in his complacency when it comes to issues of race, formalized an unofficial policy of divide and conquer when he was president. As the chief executive he encouraged the development of a quota system for affirmative action and made it implicitly national policy. The chief goal of this policy was to encourage competition between racial minorities and organized labor. The diabolical nature of this strategy is that he then turned arround and accused liberals of creating the quota system. Pursueing this agenda, he fought legislatively, judicially and within the executive branches of government to destroy the creation of his own insideousness. This practice had long been utilized by schools, the corporate world, and elsewhere to confuse, incite, and minimize the potetential presence of non-group member participation, advancement and access. Alternatively, corporate, institutional, educational and other administrative leaders, determined to derail Afirmative Action - engaged in a policy of deciept and deception as they sought out unqualified applicants to hire and admit. When these persons proved to be inadequate for the task - another nail was placed in the AA coffin. "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease to being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From jfanders@indiana.edu Wed Nov 15 14:28:17 1995 Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 16:27:51 -0500 (EST) From: jfanders To: Alan Spector Subject: Re: Fw: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey In-Reply-To: <199511151230111106.spector@nwi.calumet.purdue.edu> On Wed, 15 Nov 1995, Alan Spector wrote: > >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: I received this message over the InterNet. > It might be of interest to some REVS list members. I am not sure what the > UNHCR is, ... UNHCR = United Nations High Commission on Refugees Jonathan Anderson Indiana University From y.ali@uclan.ac.uk Tue Nov 14 12:18:27 1995 14 Nov 95 19:17:22 GMT+0 From: "Y.ALI" Organization: University of Central Lancashire To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies , johnsorl@colorado.edu Date: Tue, 14 Nov 1995 19:16:13 GMT+0 Subject: Re: Religion and Violence On Mon, 13 Nov 1995, Thomas Simon wrote: > A colleague of mine is doing research on religion and violence and wants > to know of any analyses of the effects of rape on Muslim women. For > example, do the women find support within the community or do they > experience ostracism? Ostracism. ----------------- How do you know? Muslim women live in lots of different communities in several continents with varied class, ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Yasmin Ali From smks@look1.apmaths.uwo.ca Wed Nov 15 12:05:54 1995 Wed, 15 Nov 1995 14:05:44 -0500 (EST) From: smks@look1.apmaths.uwo.ca (Sultan Sial) To: okamoto@shudo-u.ac.jp Subject: Re: Fw: UNESCO directory In-Reply-To: (Your message of Wed, 15 Nov 95 12:24:22 CST.) <199511151224249819.spector@nwi.calumet.purdue.edu> Date: Wed, 15 Nov 95 14:05:26 -0500 If you know any electronic service of the UNESCO, kindly let me know. Thank you in advance. Mitsuo Okamoto The UNESCO web page is at http://www.unesco.org The gopher is at gopher.unesco.org:70. Documentation services are at the gopher site. Sultan Sial From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Thu Nov 16 12:17:48 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:19:04 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: Books on Role Playing >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following message was sent to me. Perhaps someone on the list can assist Professor Okamoto. You can post the messages directly to Professor Okamoto, or if you think it is relevant, to the entire REVS list. ------------------------------ From: okamoto@shudo-u.ac.jp (!$B2,K\!!;0IW!(B) Date: Thu, 16 Nov 95 13:04:07 JST To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: Books on Role Playing I had a following communication and now would like to ask a help from the wider audience of RVES. Thank you in advance. Mitsuo Okamoto Professor of Peace Studies Hiroshima Shudo University Faculty of Law Department of International Politics 1717 Otsuka, Numata-cho, Asaminami-ku Hiroshima 731-31 Phone 082-848-2121 FAX 082-848-7788 E-mail okamoto@shudo-u.ac.jp >Dear Niranjan S. Karnik: > >I read your suggestion to use a method of role playing for undergraduate >students. Could you kindly provide me with a few good introductory books >on role playing? I teach Peace Studies and think it's an appropriate >method for the course. Mitsuo Okamoto Dear Professor Okamoto: I am sorry but I cannot provide any precise references. Most of my experience with these methods originates with role playing games that I used to play as a young student in school. You may be familiar with games such as Dungeons and Dragons which are quite popular among middle school age children. If there is any other way that I can be of assistance please do not hesitate to call on me. Yours Sincerely, Niranjan Karnik From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Thu Nov 16 12:23:25 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:24:54 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: Fw: Summary report of UNITED conference, Budapest >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following message appeared on the united-l e-mail network. It has information that may be of interest to REVS listmembers. ------------------------------ From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Thu, 16 Nov 95 11:51:15 +0200 To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: Summary report of UNITED conference, Budapest Report of the UNITED Conference "Woodpeckers on the Fortress Europe" Budapest 8-15 October 1995 THE SUMMARY The week-long conference was the biggest ever international meeting for active anti-racist organisations to take place in Central and Eastern Europe. In total, there were 97 delegates representing 91 organisations coming from 31 countries. Participating organisations came from all over Europe: from Russia (Memorial St Petersburg) to Portugal (Conselho Portugues para os Refugiados), Norway (Antirasistisk Senter) to Romania (Romany CRISS). For the first time nearly half the participants came from Central and Eastern European countries, almost half were women, and minorities were also well represented. The conference was intended to build upon and extend the activities that resulted from UNITEDUs previous five conferences. Two themes were central - the situation in Central and Eastern Europe, and the problems faced by refugees. Discussions and working groups covered many issues and important decisions were made concerning future joint actions and cooperation. Three experts provided important and useful input: Dr Kardos Gbor from Budapest University informed us about the rise of racism, fascism and nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on the victims of such ideologies; Adam Knig, a survivor of Auschwitz death camp, gave a moving account of his wartime experiences which gave us a very personal understanding of the Holocaust; and Debra Guzman of Human Rights Net told us about the benefits of electronic networking (e-mail) for our working practices in an entertaining and practical lecture. Participants had the chance to put questions to all the experts, who each stayed to lead a small working group to carry on the discussion. A wide range of 32 working groups were organised during the week, enabling participants to learn practical skills and exchange experiences with each other. Topics included Holocaust denial, anti-discrimination laws, homophobia, preventing deportation, self-protection, integrating war refugees, visas for Central and Eastern Europeans, public relations and media, political lobbying and sexism. Two actions were organised during the week: there was a working excursion to a detention camp in Gyr for refugees which resulted in a decision to make the authorities improve the terrible living conditions for those forced to stay there; and a demonstration in downtown Budapest against racism. A broad social programme included Rpolitical cafsS, videos, a multicultural dinner, an intercultural evening, an international breakfast, and of course, the bar which all gave participants the opportunity for further discussions and the chance to make contacts and friendships. The decisions were: - 9 November 1995 RKristallnachtS - A good level of motivation and mobilisation was reached to link events to the ongoing Refugee Campaign where possible and to use candles as a symbolic theme of commemoration at all events. UNITED will distribute a fax calendar and solidarity message to all participating organisations and produce a report afterwards. Activists must start thinking of themes, slogans, a poster and ideas for actions for 9/11/96. - Anti-Racist Week 16-24/3/96 - We decided to again use the slogan "One Race Human Race", and to draw trade unions etc into joining the activities. Actions will focus where possible on national laws against discrimination and putting pressure on parliaments, with a theme of a broad variety of actions. UNITED will coordinate as usual. Final preparation will be in Prague (2/96). The European Youth Campaign against Racism (RAXI) also plans its last activities in this week, so look for cooperation. - Refugee Campaign - We agreed to go on with the 21 demands of the Basso Tribunal and researching the list of dead refugees. We will increase the political input by better lobbying of MEPs and important European decision-making bodies, and integrate the issues of detention centres and deportation into the campaign. UNITED will make a new infopack containing all new and extra information. We must start planning a spectacular European action in Brussels to take place around 16/6/96, in cooperation with MEPs, ECRE, Amnesty etc. For a copy of the complete report, please contact: UNITED for Intercultural Action European Network against Nationalism, Racism, Fascism and in Support of Migrants and Refugees Postbus 413 1000 AK Amsterdam Netherlands Tel +31 20 683 4778 Fax +31 20 683 4582 e-mail united@aps.nl From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Thu Nov 16 12:23:39 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:23:44 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: Fw: Czech: Conf on Racism Held >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following message appeared on the antiracism-eur-l network. It may be of interest to REVS list members. ------------------------------ ## author : trun@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz ## date : 10.11.95 ------------------------------------------------------------------ C A R O L I N A No 178, Friday, November 10, 1995. FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (November 1 - 8) International Society for Human Rights Talks about Racism The Czech branch of the International Society for Human Rights held a three-day seminar entitled Racism, Yesterday and Today. The November 8-10 seminar is organized at the 60th anniversary of the so-called Nurnberg Law. President Vaclav Havel is overseeing the occasion, which is being organized by the Prague Mayor's Office, the Charter 77 Foundation and other organizations. Head of the Czech branch Vaclav Vrabec told Carolina: "Racism is a monstrous and criminal philosophy which brought suffering to millions of people in Europe. That is why it is neccesary to draw attention to discriminatory demonstrations today. I can't come to terms with the fact that skinhead havoc and Romany discrimination aren't being properly punished." Lecturers from five European countries are focusing on the theme of Jewish and Romany genocide during World War II, and on the theme of limiting these national minorities today. David Vozdecky/Andrea Snyder From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Wed Nov 15 17:53:55 1995 Date: Wed, 15 Nov 95 19:53:52 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: 3TERRM4@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU Association of Black Sociologists , Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Subject: Re: Race and Social Control: Part III On Wed, 15 Nov 95 16:03:09 EST you wrote: >Rodney: > >I buy most of your hypotheses about racial identity. But, I must take >issue with your propsed theory of the imppact of class upon racial and gender >identity. The ragument you propose does not consider that class, and in >particular the class of one's family of birth may operate in ways contrary >to the coomon sense notion that the lower the class the more rigid >the racial or gemder identity. To the contrary, I would argue that > members of the working class do not have the luxury of ascribing to >either rigid dender roles or racial identities. Indeed, women from >such families are more likely to have to work, contribute the economic >not just emotional needs of the family and take on traditionally male >roles. Strictly female roles, I would argue are a luxury afforded >only by those who are better off. At the same time, I would argue that similar >pressures may impact racial identity. I have not thought all of this through >yet but, I do believe it is somehow not quite as straight forwards as >low class= conservativism and hi class=liberal. > >Finally, I would also argue that racial identity may be even stronger among >dominant group members in the burgeios or cpaitalist class. In fact >it seems plausible to me that pressure to maintain in group loyalties and >ties may be higher and that race may serve as a proxy for identifying the >desreving and nondeserving the ins and the outs. This hypotheses taken >together with the idea that the benefits of being from an upper class >provide one with a greater variety of skills to mask stronger racial >identification may explain why even though ses is related to liberal >ideology further exploration of this liberal ideology can often be revealed >as a facade. > >Just a thought.... >Angela > other research seems to demonstrate your position from Samoa however: In an article by Alice Schlegel "Status, Property and the Value on Virginity" there is the notion that the higher the social status of the families the more importance virginity becomes. She notes ". . ..we find more concern with female chastity among rich and middle-class people than we do among the poor, since the poor have no property or status to lose" . Alternatively, family structure in Colombia also demonstrates this variability associated with ses. Lewis Aptekar, in "The Family Lives of Colombian Street Children" observes that "In terms of family structure . . .the dominant Spanish classes tend to live in traditional families led by a strong father figure. In these households, women are subservient to and dependent on men. Adolescence is prolonged and highly suprevised by the parents. ., . By contrast, the poorer classes include a large number of female-led families of indigenous or African origen. In these families . . .the children are encouraged to be independent at a young age. Early on, many are out on the streets, living their own lives, making ends meet as best they can.,..." From this it might be concluded that higher social status leads to more rigid constraints placed upon gender identity, hence a more conservative gender identity development. If this same logic holds with racial identity then my argument is turned on its head, and just the opposite conditions hold. But alternatively, as I suggested in an earlier post... I shall quote from Paula Giddings: "Strong Women and Strutting Men: The Moynihan Report" found in Experiencing Race, Class and Gender in the United States: In virtually eveey instance, Black women professionals (unlike most of their White counterparts) grew up in homes where their mothers were doers. Of those intergviewed, only four had mothers who had never worked. Many of the women's mothers were in professional or semiprofessional occupations themselves; they were teachers, professors, nurses, and one was a physician. She goes on to state "Not suprisingly, Epstein found that the daughters of such Black women had a tremendous sense of confidence in themselves and their abilities. . . . Mothers of the Black women in Epstein's study encouraged achievement without exception. " Now i may be overinterpreting this but this leads me to conclude that there is an increased likelihood that higher ses families, more particularly higher status mothers tend to encourage a broader set of options for their daughters then lower ses. Am I wrong in this.. >Finally, I would also argue this at racial identity may be even stronger among >dominant group members in the burgeios or cpaitalist class. It might be stronger, but history seems to indicate that the confictual points are at the lower ses categories. I can accept your argument that "In fact it seems plausible to me that pressure to maintain in group loyalties and >ties may be higher and that race may serve as a proxy for identifying the >desreving and nondeserving the ins and the outs. This hypotheses taken >together with the idea that the benefits of being from an upper class >provide one with a greater variety of skills to mask stronger racial >identification may explain why even though ses is related to liberal >ideology further exploration of this liberal ideology can often be revealed >as a facade. And perhaps lower ses whites are being used by upper class whites as their advance or buffer. This would certainly account for the fact that the more extreme forms of racist expressions and conflict is seen at the lower end of the ses scale for whites....Also this jives with observations made by Du Bois and more recently by Lerone Bennett, Jr... If we add to this the observations made by Lois Benjamen in the Black Middle Class the picture becomes even more fuzzy: she observes that: "The black elite's children must be aware that to be Black and to work toward a free spirit in america means a continous struggle with oppression and to establish one's identity. It is essential for parents to transmit the race lessons as coping mechanisms. In an integrated environment, particularly an educational setting, some parents fear that these race lessons are not being transmitted, resulting in confusion among youn people under twenty and contributing to their lack ofr sensitivity to the race struggle." Alternatively, and i haven't got to this yet...but if one looks at music preferences, church or religious development, politics we can also see this bifurcation on the axis of ses among racial groups which could go under the lables of liberal vs. conservative...but My thought re: liberal vs. conservative and their definitions might need further clarification. Let me start by suggesting that conservative for blacks identity among lower ses would mean that an appeal by a Malcolm X, Farrakhan is more likely. (i.e. traditional race leader type) whereas, the liberal leaning higher ses blacks would find and identify more so with a Martin Lu. King. Conservative in this context would be classified in the dominant cultural language as possibly radical while MLK in the dominant language would suggest conservative...is this making sense... The central point, still of my discourse is to demonstrate that race is experienced differently according to ses. "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Thu Nov 16 12:26:43 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:28:19 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: Fw: Fw: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: I received the following message from Susin Park, clarifying some questions I had raised. I hope this helps clarify the issues for REVS listmembers as well. ------------------------------ From: Susin Park Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:34:35 +0100 To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Subject: Fw: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey -Reply Dear Alan, I saw the query you had regarding UNHCR. UNHCR stands for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with offices throughout the world. Its mission is to assist and protect refugees and asylumseekers and to ensure durable solutions for them. The message is simply a UNHCR position on an event where UNHCR has received a considerable number of queries. I hope this helps. If you have any more questions, let me know. I would be glad to answer. Regards, Susin Park UNHCR Centre for Documentation on Refugees >>> Alan Spector 11/15/95 07:30pm >>> >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: I received this message over the InterNet. It might be of interest to some REVS list members. I am not sure what the UNHCR is, or whether they are publishing this message to encourage more information or not. But some of the details of the message might be of interest. ------------------------------ From: Susin Park Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 16:31:52 +0100 Subject: UNHCR Position on Iranian Sitin in Ankara, Turkey UNHCR'S POSITION ON THE IRANIAN SIT-IN IN ANKARA Since August 4, a group of Iranian asylum-seekers has staged a sit-in at the headquarters of the United Socialist Party in Ankara. After careful review of these cases, UNHCR does not find that their claims meet refugee criteria. Nevertheless, the Iranians have been demanding that their cases be reopened and that the deportation orders issued to some by the Government of Turkey be revoked. (Deportation orders are issued by the Government to applicants who have failed to convince the authorities that they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their country of origin.) The sit-in organizers invited other rejected Iranian asylum-seekers to participate. Since then UNHCR's Office in Ankara has been flooded with correspondence and telephone calls from groups expressing sympathy and solidarity with this group. As of 9 November, the sit-in involves about 150 persons, although some individuals come and go. The group, including women and children, has been staying in crowded and unsanitary conditions for over two months. The Government is taking no special action against the protesters but has advised them to return to wherever they were staying and await the review of their individual cases. However, several cases are reported to have received deportation orders issued by the authorities in their assigned cities of residence upon expiration of their residence permits. Although UNHCR's assessment is clearly negative, several cases comprising some fifty persons have not yet been finally decided by the Government. Non-European asylum-seekers in Turkey who do not have passports and visas must register their claims with the Government in order to be granted temporary asylum under Turkish law. In parallel, UNHCR has been implementing a refugee status determination procedure in Turkey according to the UNHCR Statute and in view of Turkey's geographical reservation with regard to the 1951 Convention on Refugees and the 1967 Protocol, and as UNHCR been urging the Government of Turkey to implement its asylum procedures in line with international law and internationally accepted standards. UNHCR argues for full access by asylum-seekers to the Government procedure. A positive assessment of refugee claims by UNHCR is the basis for intervention when the Government's assessment is negative. UNHCR's positive assessment of cases is also the basis for submission to countries of resettlement. The Legal Unit of UNHCR in Ankara has carefully considered and reviewed the cases of Iranian individuals currently residing in the premises of the Socialist Party Headquarters in Ankara. UNHCR's lawyers have concluded after an extensive process that the profile of these cases, on the facts known to us, does not justify the granting of refugee status for any one of the reasons contained in the Statute of the Office and replicated in similar terms in the 1951 Convention and as defined under international law. UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva has been aware of the situation and the process and fully supports the decisions taken by its office in Turkey and the subsequent position not to re-open these cases for a further review, given that each case was carefully considered at first instance and in a review procedure. Many cases were given even a third or fourth review where justified by relevant new facts. UNHCR would urge all concerned individuals and organizations who have contacted us about this sit-in to concentrate their attention on persons whom UNHCR believes meet refugee criteria and on helping asylum-seekers to understand and comply with Turkish law. Constructive expressions of concern to the Government from non-governmental organizations about the way asylum procedures are being implemented in Turkey might also complement UNHCR's efforts on behalf of refugees and asylum-seekers. November 1995 UNHCR Geneva From SJDANNER@STTHOMAS.EDU Thu Nov 16 11:33:38 1995 From: SJDANNER@STTHOMAS.EDU Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 12:33:13 -0600 (CST) Subject: help To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Please help me if you can -- I am a student at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota. I am attempting to form a peer counciling phone line through our Commitment to Diversity group on campus. Im looking for other colleges or universities that may have the same sort of counciling line or crisis center so I can generate some ideas as a way to get started. If you can be of any assistance to me please contact: Stacey Danner University of St. Thomas 2115 Summit Ave. St. Paul, MN 55105 Box 2512 612-962-8816 SJDanner@Stthomas.edu From PARK@unhcr.ch Thu Nov 16 09:48:59 1995 Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 17:46:06 +0100 From: Susin Park To: revs@csf.colorado.edu, migra-list@lists.utah.edu, forced-migration@mailbase.ac.uk, huridocs@oln.comlink.apc.org, al@u.washington.edu, ethnic-l@UHCCVM.UHCC.Hawaii.edu Subject: UNHCR Publications: State of the World's Refugees 1995 NEW PUBLICATION The state of the world's refugees: In search of solutions A report by UNHCR Bosnia, Iraq, Liberia, Rwanda, Somalia, Tajikistan, Somalia... During the past few years, the world has witnessed a succession of massive refugee movements and humanitarian emergencies. The number of people uprooted by persecution, war and communal conflict is now approaching 50 million - and is increasing every day. Humanitarian organizations are struggling to keep pace with the demands of each new refugee movement, while governments around the world are becoming increasingly reluctant to offer refuge to these victims of violence. What can be done to resolve the global refugee problem? That is the question posed in this important report from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The book examines the origins of the current crisis, and provides a wide-ranging analysis of the way in which approaches to the problem of human displacement have changed since the end of the Cold War. While the right of asylum must be scrupulously respected, the book argues, greater efforts must also be made to tackle refugee problems at their source, by restoring peace and prosperity to countries where large numbers of people have been forced to abandon their homes. And to achieve this objective, concerted international action is required to protect human rights, to prevent and resolve armed conflicts, to promote sustainable development and to manage migratory movements. As well as examining the linkages between these major international issues, this 265-page book includes a comprehensive set of statistical tables, graphs and maps, describing the state of the world's refugees. The book also presents more than 25 case studies, analyzing key refugee situations around the world and showing how new approaches to the problem of human displacement are being put into practice. Providing the first detailed examination of refugee problems and policies in the post-Cold War period, 'The State of the World's Refugees 1995' is an indispensable source of ideas and information on an issue which has risen to the very top of the international agenda. The book is available in English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish. Publication date: 15 November 1995. The state of the world's refugees: In search of solutions CONTENTS Preface by the UN Secretary-General Foreword by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees Introduction: Searching for solutions Chapter One: Changing approaches to the refugee problem Population displacements in the 1990s Humanitarian and strategic imperatives Traditional approaches to the refugee problem Contemporary forces for change Emerging trends and strategies Difficulties and dangers of the new paradigm Boxes 1.1Displaced people in the former Soviet states 1.2Realizing the rights of younger refugees 1.3Rwanda: causes and consequences of the refugee crisis 1.4International action on behalf of internally displaced people 1.5CIREFCA: resolving Central America's refugee problem Chapter Two: Protecting human rights Human rights and the refugee problem Institutional arrangements and relationships Realizing the right to live in safety Protection, integration and repatriation Temporary protection or permanent asylum? Protecting refugees through resettlement Boxes 2.1Refugee women and girls: surviving violence and neglect 2.2Repatriation to Myanmar 2.3The problem of statelessness 2.4El Salvador: protection through documentation 2.5Prevention, protection and solution: UNHCR strategy in Tajikistan 2.6Protecting Europe's minorities: preventing refugee movements Chapter Three: Keeping the peace New directions in peacekeeping Comprehensive peace-plan operations Working in war zones Making use of military assets Humanitarianism, politics and war Boxes 3.1Demobilization, disarmament and demilitarization 3.2The Liberian conflict: no solution in sight 3.3Responding to the Rwanda refugee crisis: the military contribution 3.4Saving Sarajevo: the UNHCR airlift operation 3.5Safe areas: a substitute for asylum? Chapter Four: Promoting development Development and displacement Prevention through development Linking relief with longer-term assistance Environmental dimensions of the refugee problem Rebuilding shattered societies Boxes 4.1Guatemala: going back to the land 4.2.Trees and refugees 4.3Refugees and the local economy in Zambia 4.4The challenge of reintegration in Mozambique 4.5Conflict and reconstruction in Afghanistan Chapter Five: Managing migration People on the move The migration window and the asylum door Restrictive asylum practices: cause and effect Migratory pressures: the scope for action in countries of origin Orderly migration alternatives Refugee protection and irregular population movements Boxes 5.1South Africa's immigration issue 5.2Migrant trafficking: the Sri Lankan experience 5.2Asylum in Germany 5.4Vietnamese boat people: the end of the story? 5.5Eastern Europe: transit and training Conclusion: Preparing for the future Annex I The problem of refugee statistics Annex II Statistical tables Annex III UNHCR in brief Bibliography Endnotes The state of the world's refugees: In search of solutions PUBLISHERS English edition: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Tel: (1865) 56757; Fax: (1865) 56646 French edition: LA DECOUVERTE, 9 bis, rue Abel Hovelacque, rue Abel Hovelacque, 75013 Paris, France Tel: (1) 44.08.84.00; Fax: (1) 44.08.84.19 German edition: J.H.W. DIETZ, 2, in der Raste, 53129 Bonn, Germany Tel: (0228) 23.80.23; Fax: (0228) 23.41.04 Italian edition: PRESIDENZA DEL CONSIGLIO DEI MINISTRI, Dipartimento per l'Informazione e l'Editoria, Palazzo Chigi, Rome, Italy. Contact: UNHCR Rome Tel: (06) 807-7119; Fax: (06) 808-2338 Japanese edition: YOMIURI SHIMBUN, 1-7-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan Tel: (03-5245) 7041; Fax: (03-5245) 7049 Spanish edition: ALIANZA EDITORIAL, 15, Juan Igancio Luca de Tena, 28027 Madrid, Spain Tel: (1) 741-6600; Fax (1) 741-4343 From PARK@unhcr.ch Thu Nov 16 09:48:39 1995 Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 17:44:55 +0100 From: Susin Park To: revs@csf.colorado.edu, migra-list@lists.utah.edu, forced-migration@mailbase.ac.uk, huridocs@oln.comlink.apc.org, al@u.washington.edu, ethnic-l@UHCCVM.UHCC.Hawaii.edu Subject: UNHCR seeking Information Systems Officer UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with Headquarters in Geneva and offices throughout the world, seeks a qualified, experienced Information Systems Officer for its development operations based in Geneva. The incumbent will act as the project leader for RefWorld - UNHCR's information on refugees available on the World Wide Web, CD-ROM as well as internal LAN-based systems at Headquarters and in remote offices. Responsibilities include project planning, resource management, systems analysis, design, dissemination planning, development and programming of hypertext/hypermedia full-text information systems. Further responsibilities include the drafting of information policy and procedures for RefWorld and integrated library and document management systems. Essential knowledge includes basic project management principles, FolioViews software development and in-depth knowledge of all aspects associated with the creation of WWW, CD-ROM and LAN-based information systems. Minimum requirements: University degree in computer systems - preferably engineering or computer science. The applicant will have demonstrated expertise in the design, development and implementation of complex information systems. Development experience must include free-text and structured database systems, Windows programming and office automation. Dissemination experience must include LAN and WAN database systems, Internet and CD-ROM technologies. The applicant will act as lead programmer and project leader as required to achieve the aims of the organization. Fluency in English and French. UNHCR offers competitive international salaries, benefits and allowances. Applications with full curriculum vitae, including salary history, birthdate and nationality, should be sent to Chief, RCMS (Ref: GP), UNHCR, Case Postale 2500, 1211 Geneva 2 D#p#t, Switzerland before 15 December 1995. Fax number is 41-22-739-7312. UNHCR encourages qualified women to apply. Because of the number of applications expected, acknowledgement will only be sent to short-listed candidates under serious consideration. From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Thu Nov 16 09:42:32 1995 Date: Thu, 16 Nov 95 11:42:22 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: African-American Research , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies Subject: America - A song of sorrow in the Key of D America - A song of sorrow in the Key of D America, America we sing for thee A sorrows song in the key of d. Greater nations have tried to be Ignoring their charge of civility Now lie in the dust of history. America, America we weep for thee Heeding thy call we crossed the sea. These huddled masses hearing thy plea A promise of justice, equality and liberty. America, America we morn for thee Here we stand seeking just to be free. But justice avoids those in poverty. We seek to help fulfill our destiny. America, America we strive for thee homelessness, hopelessness masks (the) difficulty. Crack, rape, pollution, and of course complacency vision distorted, resolve recalled - another lie. Incest, illiteracy, divorce infects our family. America, America we've bled for thee on fields at home and across the sea. Prophets slaughtered, scorned living righteously. Early graves, disdained, ridiculed for trying to be that beacon, that hope of life's possibility. America, America we hope with thee Ghetto boys upon thy knee, seeking a little of thy bounty Apache girls trying to see, the hope, the dream of being free. Native born need no sympathy, just a touch of thy liberty. Bright futures clouded anxiety, vital parts of your biography. America, America we pray for thee forget not thy old or progeny. Pain's murmur, dismally tortured psyche dreadful lives seeking integrity. As our song plays on in the key of D. I still be me, Rodney c.... "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Fri Nov 17 12:20:39 1995 Date: Fri, 17 Nov 95 14:19:39 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Association of Black Sociologists , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies Subject: Race and Social Control: Version IV (with spell check) Race and the emotions that it produces has plagued scholars and humanity for close to two centuries. Race, a term arriving rather late in human discourse, has been observed among the earliest of civilizations. Race at once is both ideology and reality. Race and the Average person. A visitor to any metropolitan area in America will at once become aware of the variety of people they come into contact with. Cities such as Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Houston or Los Angeles have been described as global cities because they reflect the rich diversity of the contemporary world. Here you will find the largest concentrations of Japanese or Germans, of Africans or Mexicans, of Russians or Italians, etc. - outside of their native lands. Racial and cultural diversity are the definitive terms of what America is. Although race helps to define America, race defies definition. Race, as with love, is in the eye of the beholder. When defining ones own race the better qualities are typically assigned to self, while condemnation or scorn is projected on the other. Such praise or scorn, when coupled with a dominant position, often becomes reified as truth. This tendency of self praise may be seen in the writings of such diverse thinkers as Plato or Hitler, as Jefferson or Eisenhower, or as the Fulani aristocracy (in ancient Zari) or the Afrikaners (of contemporary South African). Race and Academia. Commonly, race is associated with a particular human group with certain cultural traits such as language, religion or music (for example the Jewish race, black race, and German or Aryan race) Linquests have utilized race to refer to particular language groups (such as Romance, Sino-Tibetan, Polynesian, or Germanic). On the basis of what is presumed to be 'immutable traits', others have attempted to argue that racial categories reflect different levels of evolutionary development with darker peoples at the bottom. Clerics have also been perplexed when dealing with the dilemma of race. Some, such as St. Augustine, have argued that all humans (not withstanding differences in physical, behavior or intellectual attributes) developed from one solitary pair. Others, following the suggestions of Pope Urban II (1005), have looked upon all non-Christians as heathens, less than human, and therefore justifiably could be annihilated. Early 20th century anthropologists typically used race to divide homo sapiens into a number of subspecies. Race groups were consequently associated with genetic and physical variation (such as Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid). Currently very little agreement exist among anthropologists regarding the exact number of racial groups. Social scientists use race to refer to a social group that either defines itself or is defined by others as a distinct group by virtue of identifiable and immutable physical features. Associated with these racial designations, society or the group typically ascribes particular sets of cultural and psychological norms thought likewise to be immutable and easily identifiable among racial group members. Having said this there yet remains a great deal of confusion, even among social scientists in particular and academe in particular regarding what race is. Even more problematical is how race interacts with class and gender to create what I call a identity matrices. Finally, much of the scholarship available to the average student concentrates on the American experience exclusively. While good, the student is left with no way of understanding how these observations fit into the wider global situation. I suggest that if we take the American experience as a base, with suitable elaboration (see below for a sketch), and compare these racial identity matrices with those of other significant cultural/societal ones that a more complete understanding may be provided. To begin this process let me suggest the following sketch. Race, a socially constructed means of social control, serves to perpetuate economic, social, political, psychological, religious, ideological and legal systems of inequality. If you could imagine a series of concentric circles, each labeled according to the above list (add more if you can think of them), which serve to define, structure and limit the black experience - then the conceptualization of race will be realized. As concentric circles, these constraints appear to be much like a bird cage. To the casual observer, each wire does not appear to be sufficient in and of itself to retain the bird. But when viewed from either within or as a whole we see a finely constructed cage. The problem, from a pedagogical, policy, research, or activist perspective, is that we tend to concentrate on only one wire-or phenomenon. Removal of which leads to great anticipation that the war has been won. Unfortunately, while even more insidious wires are being constructed, the others are left in tact. As with our discussion re: terminology. The deeper we go, the more we see. Race is a multi-layered, multi-dimensional Janus headed beast which, although socially constructed, has a momentum of its own. The beast has a life of its own primarily because we (all of us) are indoctrinated from birth, emersed in this viscous interacting web of confusion. The most viscous aspect of this emersion is the acceptance of the permanence of the structure(s) that we call race. Part of this is belied by such notions as its immutability, its endurance (its always been this way, right ---wrong!!!) and its continual agility. Racial domination as a means of social control appears to be quite agile or adept at adjusting to changing social climates. When under attack, it can be found deeply submerged in the societal psyche. As conditions change, as new pressures insist upon a sacrificial lamb, it re-emerges - fresh, clean and newly adorned. Race as a process of social construction: Race is continually under construction through the various means of socialization. The chief means of socialization are the family, government, school, church, peers and friendship networks, work, and of course the media. (note: this list is not intended to be exhaustive but rather illustrative.) In this section we shall deal with the family as it applies to the production, manipulation, alteration and perpetuation of social constructs. First of all, the structure I have been discussing is a complex set of dynamic forces. Particular in regards to the pressures both internal and external there are multiple ones. Yes there are pressures within the racial matrix which attempts to control, define, and structure ethnic identity matrixes. Yes there are pressures external to the racial identity matrix which attempt to control, define and structure its construction. But just as racial identity matrixes can also influence the externally dominant culture so also can ethnic identity matrixes influence and in many ways control the construction (and or reconstruction) of racial identity matrixes. From a purely historical perspective, and recognizing that ethnicity precedes race chronologically, there can be identified specific ethnic identity matrices which have had a more deliberate impact upon the structure, definition and construction of racial identity matrices. Similarly, particular ethnic matrices may lay claim to notions of legitimacy, tradition, or expediency (by virtue of their sheer size) which requires racial identity matrices to acknowledge. I particularly here make reference to the role that African and English ethnicity has upon Black and White racial identity formation. Charismatic racial or ethnic leaders, historical moments, political expediency may also have an impact upon this process. Children are not born with a concept of race or their identity within a racial matrix fixed. These are learned and constantly manipulated throughout ones life. From infancy to the 4th year, children typically are unaware of their racial identity. After this period, they seem preoccupied with it as evidenced by their ability to label themselves and significant others by virtue of physically identifiable learned racial classifications. Race, may be viewed as an rudimentary extension of family. Within this institution typically the child bonds with, identifies with and learns to prefer this group above others. It is here that the infant first learns to differentiate between self and others. As this process is extended to those outside of the family racial categorization comes into being. In this process of differentiation the child also learns the biases implicitly and explicitly projected by significant role models and socialization agents. Consider the following, there are multiple levels of dominance/social control associated with the multiple levels of racial/ethnic and gender identity matrices. We can identify these mechanisms at the international, societal, regional, neighborhood and/or racial//ethnic levels. While the first four levels do suggest a hierarchy, the latter two (i.e. racial/ethnic) exist simultaneously at each level while exerting an independent influence of its own. These multiple and interacting levels of dominance/social control interact in strange (and for me yet to be understood ways) and effect our awareness of gender, power, reality and etc. Further, gender, racial identity socialization are structured by this dynamic interaction. When we factor in external conditions of economic development, historical circumstance, political exigencies, and cultural value systems greater understanding regarding this process ensues. The interaction of these characterizations with those presented (either implicitly or explicitly) through school, church, peers and friendship networks, and the media serves to preserve and/or modify ones attitudes with reference to racial identity. What I am suggesting is a dynamic, as opposed to a static, process. This dynamic process is, as indicated above, multifaceted, multidimensional, time-geo-politically and class specific. The family as the initial agent of socialization serves to introduce, perpetuate and reinforce this dynamic process to the infant and child as it encourages the continual(ous) formation racial identity matrices, stereotypes, attitudes and behavior through play and toys, discourse, sanctioning mechanisms, tv, music (etc) in implicit and explicit, orchestrated and unintentional ways. Typically socialization practices in these regards appear to reflect intricate interactions between socio-economic status and race. Two different processes seem operant depending upon family ses in regards to the development, perpetuation and reinforcement of racial identity matrices, and stereotypical attitudes and behavior. What I am suggesting is that the lower the family ses the more conservative the process. Alternatively, the higher the family's ses the more liberal this socialization process will tend to be. Before I proceed further, the terms liberal and conservative (as I use them) needs clarification. Liberal in this context refers to the increased likelihood that socialization practices will encourage experimentation, creativity, and exploration in terms of racial identity matrices, attitudes and behavior. Alternatively, conservative suggests more rigidly defined and structured processes. I know that these are generalizations and am aware of how this might be misconstrued. At this point, let me offer the modification that with more resources comes a greater ability to offer alternatives. Further, there is greater pressure (socially, psychically, and otherwise) to conform for those members of lower ses family structures. (I will spend more time on this at a later date. I am extremely sensitive to the culture of poverty argument, in fact my argument is just the opposite. Those members of lower ses groups have greater pressures placed on them to conform to societal norms to include racial identity formation, more likely to be penalized for expressions of difference, and least likely to be encouraged to do otherwise. I do not want to imply that there is a culture of poverty. Simply put, I would argue that there is a structure which serves to limit options for those in lower ses groups. This structure is often confused and mislabeled as a culture of poverty.) It is at this point that sexuality and/or gender identity must also be considered. If you accept my assumption that there is increased pressure to conform placed on lower ses families. Then it follows, to the extent that racial status is also a form of social status, that lower ses families who are also members of lower status racial groups will experience the highest pressures to conform. What this implies regarding gender identity formation is that these families will also be more rigid in their interpretation and encouragement of gender identity. There is also a tendency for higher levels of homophobia to be experienced. Girls in such families will find more encouragement to play with dolls, cooking sets, and to be generally docile. Boys is such families will find more encouragement to play with baseball and football, trucks and tanks, soldiers and guns. (Note all groups will find these gendered identities reinforced by hitech toys particular video games such as Sega and Nintendo). Higher ses racial minority families, with fewer constraints, will be more likely to encourage gender neutrality in the selection of toys, games and attitudes. Females, from these families, will especially benefit as they will be encouraged to play with such toys as erector and chemistry sets, video games, and etc. There is a greater likelihood, again due to increased resource capacity, for these video games to highlight and feature women heroines. This section I know is incomplete: I shall complete it next time. Right now I would like to shift our attention to the next major institution that typically comes into the mix -i.e. the school. The school (from pre to College) serves multiple roles in multiple dimensions in the process of racial identity matrix formation, maintenance, perpetuation and independently as an agent of social control for society. The non-dominant racial child and the professional are more likely to be judged guilty, incompetent, "the problem", belligerent, overly aggressive, abstinent, insubordinate and incorrigible by the school in all its many guises (i.e. from pre-school to University, in Academic treatises and research notes). Whereas the typical white male is deemed innocent, competent and given the benefit of the doubt until prove otherwise, the non-dominant individual is presumed guilty, incompetent, and suspect until they prove themselves otherwise. The non-dominant individual is more likely to be marginalized, isolated, and dismissed as non-relevant and more likely to be targeted, tokenized, and challenged regardless of status (student or professional) in the school system of America. Similar observations were made by Frantz Fanon in his Black Skin, White Mask where he makes the following observation: ". . .the Negroes' inferiority complex is particularly intensified among the most educated, who must struggle with it unceasingly. Their way of doing so, he adds, is frequently naive: "The wearing of European clothes, whether rags or the most up-to-date style; using European furniture and European forms of social intercourse; adorning the Native language with European expressions; using bombastic phrases in speaking or writing a European language; all these contribute to a felling of equality with the European and his achievements." He goes on to observe: "I have known-and unfortunately I still know-people born in Dahomey or the Congo who pretend to be natives of the Antilles; I have known . . ..Antilles Negroes who are annoyed when they are suspected of being Senegalese. This is because the Antilles Negro is more "civilized" than the African, that is, he is more close to the white man; and this difference prevails not only in back streets and on boulevards but also in public service and the army. " (pg. 25-26) Fanon suggests that dominant racial groups norms produce external pressures that dictate cultural values which structure behavior of non-dominant group members. Fanon examines many of the social controls exerted externally to racial group identity formation. This is also observed by Collier-Thomas and Turner in " Race, class and color : The African American discourse on identity" published in the Journal of American Ethnic History 1994, v14n1, Fall p. 5-31. In this article they discuss the interaction between societal racial group designation and how the group manipulates this designation . Of particular interests is how they describe how these designations among African Americans have changed their designations which reflects shifts in group identity over time. Of all places how we perceive and project ourselves also is demonstrated to be a source of conflict and stress. Consider the observations made by Judith Wilson, " Beauty rites : Towards an anatomy of culture in African American women's art." published in International Review of African American Art 1994, v11n3, p. 11- 17 . In this article she observes that this competition represents a major source of tension that pervades African American history up to this present day. This tension is between two competing images -one from the dominant culture and the other from within the racial group in reference to hair straightening. The best research that I have to date come across which does this however comes from Beth Bailey's article entitled "The "Double-V" campaign in World War II Hawaii :African Americans, racial ideology, and federal power found in the Journal of Social History 1993, v26n4, Summer p. 817-843. In this article she take Turner's ideas about external structure of social action and demonstrates how racial identity interacts with group identity matrices and externally defined norms arising from the dominant groups. This study, looking at the experiences of 30,000 AA military personnel and war workers serving in Hawaii during WWII should be on the top of your list. For the professional this means that their scholarship is more likely to be considered ethnic, special topics and marginal to the discipline. They are more likely to be used by institutions as lightening rods, conspicuously placed to be seen (the bank teller, the news reporter, the Affirmative Action officer, the Public relations expert, the recruiter, and or counselor particular to and for minority youths.) Those professionals in education who are members of non-dominant racial groups are more likely to be challenged, intellectually ghetorized, and punished if they earnestly attempt to change the system. For example, teachers who have demonstrated their ability to help particularly poor non-dominant group members perform at higher levels are typically displaced, replaced, are transferred to predominantly dominant group educational settings. Non-dominant children, who on average learn to speak, walk and read at earlier periods then dominant children, suddenly become slow learners, discipline problem and targets for isolation, ridicule and/or expulsion. Aggression, which among dominant male children is praised and encouraged, is discouraged and problematical when exhibited by non-dominant males or females in general. Within the academic context a strange game is revealed where scarce rewards are created and manipulated which serve to increase competition as non-minorities are pitted against each other both within and between groups. This is especially troubling in what has been described as affirmative action, scholarship programs and etc. Ronald Reagan, notorious in his complacency when it comes to issues of race, formalized an unofficial policy of divide and conquer when he was president. As the chief executive he encouraged the development of a quota system for affirmative action and made it implicitly national policy. The chief goal of this policy was to encourage competition between racial minorities and organized labor. The diabolical nature of this strategy is that he then turned around and accused liberals of creating the quota system. Pursuing this agenda, he fought legislatively, judicially and within the executive branches of government to destroy the creation of his own insidiousness. This practice had long been utilized by schools, the corporate world, and elsewhere to confuse, incite, and minimize the potential presence of non-group member participation, advancement and access. Alternatively, corporate, institutional, educational and other administrative leaders, determined to derail Affirmative Action - engaged in a policy of deception and deception as they sought out unqualified applicants to hire and admit. When these persons proved to be inadequate for the task - another nail was placed in the AA coffin. "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease to being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From united@aps.nl Fri Nov 17 04:35:26 1995 for revs@csf.colorado.edu To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: UNITED project in Eastern Europe From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Fri, 17 Nov 95 11:38:12 +0200 Organization: Activist Press Service, Amsterdam "Cooperation Against Nationalism" An east-west partnership project coordinated by UNITED Skinheads attacking Roma in Bratislava, nationalists selling propaganda openly on the streets of Moscow, wars in former Yugoslavia, human rights abused in Hungarian detention camps for refugees... Everywhere we can see the rise of nationalism, racism and fascism in the ex-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Anti-nationalist and human rights NGOs in the region are working hard to ensure that such extremist tendencies do not endanger the fragile democracies that have replaced the communist regimes. But they face many difficulties, such as no money, lack of contacts with each other, few practical skills, needing assistance from more experienced campaigners in Western Europe, and poor public awareness of the problems in society. How can we all work together to improve the situation in this important region of Europe? UNITED goes east... Since it was founded in 1992, UNITED has grown to become the biggest anti-racist network in Europe, with more than 343 supporting organisations, and has developed successful strategies for practical networking and cooperation. However, in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), such processes are not yet fully established. UNITED has often been asked by anti-nationalist, human rights and anti-racist organisations in CEE for help. Our project, "Cooperation Against Nationalism" will help them become practically independent in a way which will complement their political independence and improve their day to day working abilities. How will we do this? - We will oversee the transfer of specific practical skills and know-how such as anti-discrimination work, fundraising, media skills and E-mail and computer skills using both western and eastern experts; - We will offer the opportunity to exchange experiences on an east-east and east-west basis, through meetings, at conferences, and by participation in the networking process; - We will improve the level of communications in CEE by E-mail and conventional methods, on both an east-east and east-west basis; - We will encourage a strong level of cooperation and networking among organisations in CEE; - We will try to give such organisations the confidence to raise their level of working, apply for funding and start their own projects. What will happen? Conferences Three general conferences are planned, to take place as follows: Prague, 14-18 February 1996, "Break the Blocks" Strasbourg, 8-14 October 1996 (foreseen), "Cooperation against Nationalism" Bratislava, 7-13 January 1997 (foreseen) - title to be announced The conferences will bring eastern and western activists together, so they can make contacts, exchange experiences, learn from each other, and find practical ways to work against nationalism. There will be general workshops and discussions on important subjects of interest, plus some training and information workshops. Up to four guest experts will also attend to provide a high level input of information and practical skills. There will be around 75 places available. UNITED will send out invitations to the conferences, and details will be published in the Calendar of Internationalism. If you wish to participate, please nominate as soon as possible on behalf of your organisation. We will contact you one month before the conference takes place to inform you if your nomination has been successful. Training Sessions There will be four training sessions, which will take place as follows: E-mail - Prague 9-11 February 1996 Anti-Discrimination Work - Budapest 11-13 May 1996 Communication Skills - Romania, 28-30 June 1996 Fundraising - Prague 19-21 September 1996 Preference will be given to participants from anti-nationalist, anti-racist and human rights organisations based in the partner countries. UNITED and the project partners, after wide consultation, will contact participants directly to offer a place at the training sessions, depending on the country where the training session will take place. Or, if you wish, you may contact the project partner of the relevant country directly if you are interested in participating. There will be a minimum of 25 places for (mostly national) participants at each training session. Each invited organisation will be able to send one participant who will be expected to pass on the training to other members of their organisation. Further information about the dates and subjects of the training sessions can be found in UNITEDUs Calendar of Internationalism. Research and information The project will undertake research to compile a more comprehensive Directory of Internationalism which will include more concrete contact details of human rights, anti-nationalist and anti-racist organisations in CEE. The expanded Directory will be published in January 1997 and will have wide distribution in the target countries, as well as in Western Europe. UNITED will also expand the bimonthly Calendar of Internationalism to include more details of activities taking place in the region. There will be a series of study trips to Belarus, Moldavia, Poland, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Slovakia to carry out this work. We will also publish a series of information leaflets on the subjects covered in the training sessions, to enable all organisations in CEE to have access to the information and skills offered. Publication of each leaflet will take place within a few months of each training session. These leaflets will be translated and widely distributed in CEE. The leaflets will also be available in English. We need your help! - Please add UNITED to your mailing list, if you have not already done so. Send us your materials - no matter what language! - Send us NGO addresses and meetings for inclusion in the Directory and Calendar, so we can improve the information flow. And if you are looking for a project partner in western Europe, or vice-versa, your addresses will help UNITED to put you in touch with potential partners! - Can you assist actively with the study trips? Please contact us! - Do you have information on funding which is available for projects in CEE? Please inform us, so we can spread this information more widely. - Are you based in Western Europe? Send us your contacts in CEE so that we can involve them in the project. Want to know more? If you have any questions concerning the project RCooperation Against NationalismS, please contact Louise Bernstein at the UNITED office in Amsterdam, or one of our project partners. UNITED for Intercultural Action Louise Bernstein Postbus 413 NL-1000 AK Amsterdam Netherlands tel +31 20 683 4778 fax +31 20 683 4582 e-mail united@aps.nl DUHA (Rainbow Association) Miroslav Prokes Senovzn nm. 24, CZ-11647 Praha 1, tel +42 2 2410 2469 / fax +42 2 2410 2375 - The telephone number will later be changed to 2410 2367 e-mail Prokes.Miroslav@ecn.gn.apc.org Martin Luther King Organisation Tsehau Tadesse / Taye Kebede Zsombolyai u. 3, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary tel +36 1 166 5570 / fax +36 1 166 5570 Students' Association for Struggle Against Racism (ASLIR) Sava Chiser / Anca Sirbu Dr Burghelea 10A, Sect. 2 Bucharest, Romania tel +40 1 312 5097 / fax +40 1 312 5097 Youth Action for Peace (YAP-MCP) Krisztina Katz PO Box 457, RO-3400 Cluj, Romania tel +40 64 194 623 / fax +40 64 192 474 This project is supported by the European UnionUs Phare and Tacis Democracy Programme. From fredr@hawaii.edu Fri Nov 17 13:40:02 1995 Date: Fri, 17 Nov 1995 10:39:40 -1000 From: Fred Riggs To: ETHNIC-L Subject: National Conference of Black Political Scientists (fwd) ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 17 Nov 1995 09:28:48 -1000 From: Tony Affigne To: Race Ethnicity & Politics Section Subject: National Conference of Black Political Scientists 1996 Annual Meeting of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists (NCOBPS), conference info received today: -------------------------------------------------------------------- Theme: SURVIVING THE NEW POLITICAL ORDER: CHALLENGES TO THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY Dates: March 6-9, 1996 Location: De Soto Hilton Hotel, Savannah, Georgia -------------------------------------------------------------------- Deadline for proposals: November 20, 1995 (may be flexible-check with track coordinator in your area) Participant registration deadline: January 15, 1996 Deadline for guaranteed hotel rate ($73.00): February 6, 1996 General registration deadline: February 23, 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996 Conference Program Chair: Dr. Mitchell F. Rice, Louisiana State Univ. (504) 388-6738 Local Arrangements Chair: Dr. Kenoye Eke, Savannah State College (912) 356-2208 Keneke@Tiger1.SSC.Peachnet.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------- Track Coordinators: State & Local Government Systems Dr. Robert B. Donaldson, Governors State Univ. (708) 534-4978 Public Administration, Bureaucracy, and Public Services Dr. Mylon Winn, Seattle University (206) 296-5438 Judicial Politics and Constitutional Law Dr. D'Linell Finley, Sr., University of Alabama (205) 348-3811 Race, Gender, Ethnicity Dr. James Llorens, Southern University (504) 771-3210 Urban and Social Policies Dr. Shirley Geiger, University of South Carolina (803) 777-3109 Legislative Politics and Reapportionment Dr. Robert Holmes, Clark Atlanta University (404) 880-8089 The Environment, Hazardous Waste, and Emergency Management Dr. Joseph McCormick, Howard University (202) 806-6722 NAACP Special Projects Panels Dr. Robert C. Smith, San Francisco State University (415) 338-7524 The Presidency Dr. Micharl Orok, Albany State College (912) 430-4760 Graduate Student Paper Proposals Dr. Dianne Pinderhughes, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (217) 333-3880 Methodology in Political Science Dr. Sheila Ards, University of Minnesota (612) 626-8733 Church and State Dr. Marjorie B. Lewis, University of Colorado, Denver (303) 820-5623 Cross National Comparative Race Issues Dr. J. Owens Smith, California State University, Fullerton (714) 773-3677 Plenary Session Coordinator Dr. Georgia Persons, Georgia Institute of Technology (409) 894-3196 -------------------------------------------------------------------- From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 20 14:12:42 1995 Date: Mon, 20 Nov 95 16:09:17 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: AFAM-L@MIZZOU1.missouri.edu, Association of Black Sociologists , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK Subject: Boycott Shell Oil..its the least we can do... Did Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight others die in vain? Shell Oil must share in its complicity in the recent murders of our nigerian brothers... A good place to start would be to boycott their products want to know which check out... Shell Chemical http://www.shellus.com/Chemical/Welcome.html Shell Oil http://www.shellus.com/Welcome.html Most of their products (aside from gasoline) are not exactly the types of things you'd find in an average store. Basically they supply other companies with the raw materials for making detergents, carpeting, plastic bottles, etc. etc. "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From varvel@plains.nodak.edu Sat Nov 18 17:36:36 1995 From: Andrew Varvel Subject: Race and Social Control: An Addendum To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Date: Sat, 18 Nov 1995 18:36:29 -0600 (CST) Hello All, I basically agree with the ideas Rodney Coates has shared here. I would like to add a few views of my own. Introduction It is quite true that identity, especially "racial" identity is a social construct. Merely being a social construct doesn't keep it from being real, to the extent people make it real. The Alhambra is a social construct, and so is the Eiffel Tower. It takes imagination, communication, planning, implementation, and reflection to accomplish nearly any task. One of the problems I find in discussing the concept of race is describing objective reality and subjective reality. What I mean here is there are many realities behind description. Some people assume that the predicament they are in is "natural", and in some ways it is. However, to suggest that contemporary reality is immutable (as some people do) is nonsense. If one wishes to combat racism, one must find a positive alternative to racism. It is not merely a question of objectively describing the situation. That is only the first step. Imagination and fantasy are the next steps. Please remember that the main cause of the current war in Bosnia is the fact that people in power were getting war fantasies, and imagined themselves in some sado-masochist role. Do not underestimate the power of the visionary and the poet. The United States -- an introduction to its fundamental contradiction The United States of America is, right now, in the midst of a conflict over what it is to be a citizen. This is the same conflict that is being played everywhere in the world, and it will not be resolved soon. This conflict is between blood and soil. Germany defines its citizenship by blood. In other countries where European-style nationalism rules, citizenship is defined by culture. There is no way a Arab Muslim could hope to be German. However, an Arab need only to turn his back on everything he is (Arab and Muslim) to become French, and even then he probably wouldn't be accepted. In Japan, real citizenship (as opposed to legal citizenship) is only for those within the "Japanese race". In the United States, on the other hand, one merely need to be born here to be a citizen. The same is true of Peru and Bolivia. I hold the view that the United States of America is a country of the people who live here. This is not the view of the people run the US. The United States is riven by a division between the white nationalist and the American territorialist. The US is torn between the Declaration of Independence and Manifest Destiny. On the one side are those who say that the Declaration of Independence says "We the People" and define the US as part of "Western Civilization". (They conveniently omit Latin America as being part of western civilization. This can only mean (since Mexico and the Philippines are just as "western" as the US) that they are really saying the the United States of America is part of Europe!) On the other side are those who argue that the Declaration fo Independence says "We the People of the United States of America". In other words, this means the people *of* the states which are united *of* America. America is a region. Other states may exist in America, but these states are united, and more importantly, *THEY SECEEDED FROM EUROPE*. In a sense, the division is between those in the US who see themselves as American and those who see themselves as fundamentally European (or white). Essentially, this takes on class and regional coloration in the US. The universities that stand behind the ideology of western civilization are generally the ones that train the ruling class of the US. (These are Ivy League colleges with outposts in Chicago, Lawrence, Stanford, etc.) Thus, the federal government is often seen as synonymous with "wealthy", "eastern", or "big government", never mind that many wealthy people, easterners, and/or backers of one federal program or another may very well *not* regard himself or herself as part of "western civilization". When I asked the group just what western civilization is, I was not joking about the question. If Greece is the fount of western civilization, Malaysia, Algeria, Kenya, and India are all "western" countries. If the University of Paris was the origin of "western civilization", then Latin America and Russia are part of "western civilization", as well as many other places. However, the term appears to really stand for something else -- NATO. And a "cultural" way to defend racism. Hate and xenophobia -- there is a difference If the powers really wanted to make oppressed people feel like true citizens, they would quietly forget the concept of the "white race". People could be as tribal as they care, but allowing people to declare who they are without race being foisted upon them would make everyone a minority, and thus not a threat to any other minority. This, in most countries, does not suit the interests of the ruling class, communist or capitalist. Hate and identity are very different from xenophobia. They may be combined, as they are in France and Germany, but they are usually very separate. Xenophobia simply results from suspicion of "outsiders", especially if one or one's family has been hurt by outsiders. Identity is very much a matter of programming, telling someone who he or she is. Hate, however, has little to do with experience or with reason. Personal suspicion, general suspicion, and personal identity are different from hate. In my view, hate comes from programming. Someone can be friends with many people, and get along well in life, and feel very comfortable. After being reprogrammed with the idea of race, though, that person would kill his or her best friends, wife, parents, and even children! Hate has little to do with experience, and everything to do with indoctrination. I've known people who hated blacks with a passion. What did blacks ever do to them? Nothing. On the other hand, some people are attacked by blacks with racist motivation and they don't hate blacks in general. The White Race as a Lingustic Vehicle of Social Control One may wonder why I might be talking about "western civilization" when I talk of race. I argue that "western civilization" is simply a more refined way of "denoting" the cultural elements of the "white race". When racial "extremists" talk about "western civilization" and comparative test scores, their audience knows that the message is "white supremacy". It just feels better for some to defend "western civilization" in order to bring in some token "minorities" (just the modern term for non-white) rather than be blatantly honest about being virulently racist. (The "Asian values" movement and Afrocentrism can be seen as reactions to this threat.) Some people claim that people just will associate with people of their own kind as a "law of nature". This assumes one thing -- that everyone has been programmed the same way. "Whites" at the frontiers must be stretched emotionally like rubber bands in order to satisfy the "morality" of the ruling class of the "white race". These frontiers may be the inner city ghetto (i.e. the poor black part of town), the rural South, the Southwest, South Africa, or Russia. These places are very hard for the ruling class to control, and they seethe at the oppression of the center even while they appear on the surface to be the most racist of all. It is true that the notion of race is used to divide and conquer. Rodney Coates has done a good job describing how identity is used to subjugate entire groups of people. This entire structure of oppression, though, has many weak links, any one of which may require more violence to keep in place. The links are core-periphery of the "race", and the "racial boundaries". George Bernard Shaw made references to these links as part of describing objective reality. If these links are broken (as has happened, to some extent, in Zimbabwe and South Africa, and parts of Latin America), they will soon be renewed unless a new imagined reality sets in to replace it. Here is a "diagram" of the triangle of racism directed at Russia, the plains, Dixie, and many other areas on the "white" or "western civilization" periphery. White ==> White Trash/White Bigot ==> Non-White/Gone Native ==> White Western Civilization ==>Fanatical traditionalists ==> Eastern Hordes ==> Western Civilization This is the deadly trangle of racial control, used ruthlessly on subject regions. First, one is told by the center that one is white, and must act like a white person. Then, as the bigotry of one region is translated into violence in another, the subject region is branded at "white bigot" or "white trash". Then, as the people of the subject region begin to beleive this propaganda, they act on it and turn into real monsters. Then, the center of racial control loses patience. The center of racial control never wants to take responsibility for the abominable actions of the periphery. Thus, it disavows the brutality and brands the people on the periphery as "non-white" or "eastern hordes". Lastly, the people on the periphery find out that they have been cast adrift, and they finally disavow the center of racial control. This scares the people at the center of racial control, so they relent. The people of the periphery are then called "white" again, and they perk up, and feel better for it. And then the whole cycle begins again. It's really the linguistic equivalent of the Jekyll and Hyde wife-beaters. It's really the same thing. It's also how Slobodan Milosevic has acted toward the "Serb extremists in Bosnia and Croatia". The only solution for the victim is to make common cause with his or her neighbors against the $*(%#@$& imperialists that are manipulating them, as well as declaring and defining who he or she is *ON HIS OR HER OWN TERMS*. I really think that Steve Biko may very well have been one of the great saviors of Afrikanerdom, as he, at least conceptually, told them not be afraid of speaking Afrikaans and not to be afraid of divorcing themselves from the oppression of western civilization (which would be the prerequisite for participating in a new southern African civilization -- it should be fun :-)). Finally, I have no idea how to tell the power brokers in Washington and the defenders of "western civilization" that America is my country, not my ethnicity. I regard the greatness of America as its ability to accept people for who they are, and command loyalty for that. One can be Cajun, Black, German, Tejano, English, Japanese, Croatian, and/or Jamaican and be proud to be a citizen of the United States. But they are not going to accept that, because America is, to them, an ethnicity. To all of those who use "multiculturalism" in order to define who I am and ram it down my throat, all of those who declare that "America is a melting pot" and try to turn me into homogenized mass-produced cultural goop to be molded into the American cultural widget to go on sale, all of those who say that "American family values" are their values and their values alone, and all of those who spread the false racial harmony of Barney, I express hostility. It feels as though those people who want to define the US on the basis of culture do not realize that I, and many of the people of the US of America, will feel culturally alienated from any government that does this. They want to take my country away from me, and say it is only for them. For a country whose constitution is based on compromise, this does not bode well for the future. --Andrew Varvel-- Geology & History University of North Dakota From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 20 14:54:32 1995 Date: Mon, 20 Nov 95 16:53:56 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Racial-Religious-EthnoNationalist Violence Studies bradley_denise@msmail.muohio.edu, carnes_nate@msmail.muohio.edu, della-piana_gail.western@msmail.muohio.edu, dixon_l@msmail.muohio.edu, evans_cheryl@msmail.muohio.edu, fennell_r.seapmail@msmail.muohio.edu, foster_carmiele@msmail.muohio.edu, hart_robert@msmail.muohio.edu, Hinga_Gilbert.acsmail@msmail.muohio.edu, hunter_gary@msmail.muohio.edu, hunter_keven@msmail.muohio.edu, ingramdr@muohio.edu, jconley@lib.muohio.edu, johnson_i@msmail.muohio.edu, jtidwell@miamiu.acs.muohio.edu, lawrenma@muohio.edu, mack_andrea_rice@msmail.muohio.edu, mccoskey_denise@msmail.muohio.edu, mosley-howard_s@msmail.muohio.edu, nengo@msmail.muohio.edu, powell_myrtis@msmail.muohio.edu, poythress_w@msmail.muohio.edu, pringle-lewis_sarah.acsmail@msmail.muohio.edu, ransom_steve@msmail.muohio.edu, scottrb@muohio.edu, stansberry_rinzee@msmail.muohio.edu, thomas_mary@msmail.muohio.edu, watson_mike.univcomm@msmail.muohio.edu, white_karen@msmail.muohio.edu Subject: Race and Social Control: A different sort of sexism Race and Social Control: A different sort of sexism By way of introduction, this section is not intended to discount or in no way dismiss the very real and experienced sexism which plagues' women of all racial and ethnic groups. Nor does it ignore the sexual exploitation that exists within groups. The position taken here concurs with the observation made more than five decades ago by Robert Ezra Parks and Booker Washington. The man farthest down is a black woman. Another section of this paper will deal with these more traditional forms of sexism. At this point, however, I would like to sketch a form ignored by most if not all the literature as it relates to non-dominant males and the sexism directed at them. Sexism is typically defined as a system of discrimination where individuals are discriminated against due to their gender/or sexual identity. This definition asserts that as men are generally in positions of power, they are by definition unable to experience sexism. I would argue that while this is typically true, it fails to take into consideration the unique form of sexism experienced by non-dominant males. Non-dominant males have historically suffered because of their gender, and the fear their presence produces between both dominant males and females. The form of sexism experienced by non-dominant males takes on some same characteristics experienced by their female cohorts such as sexual harassment and intimidation, restricted opportunities, social denial, psychological and physiological abuse, marginality and ostracization. Coupled with these typical expressions of sexism, non-dominant males also share unique forms of abuse due to their gender, such as targeting by police, courts, schools and other social institutions for especially violent reactionary responses, sanctions, prohibitions and stereotypes. During both antebellum and post-bellum America, black males were especially targeted for lynching and defilement. It was not enough to hang a black male, but often they were castrated and their bodies burned after death. (See I heard it through the grape vine by Patricia Turner). The courts frequently distinguish between race of the accused and crime. For example, Louisiana prisoners Mark Sturdivant, who is black, and Charles Clarke, who is white and well-educated, each beat to death a loved one, but the men were charged differently by the Orleans Parish district attorney's office: Sturdivant with first-degree murder, Clarke with manslaughter. While there has never been an incident in which a white has been sentenced to death for killing a black in this country's history. Blacks frequently get the death sentence (formally or informally in terms of lynching) for killing a white. Blacks, who prefer to utilize the crack form of cocaine, receive much harsher sanctions then their white counterparts who utilize the powdered form. Black males, socialized in our society to be aggressive, are negatively sanctioned for such when they enter the school system. They are more likely to be placed in dummy tracks, expelled from school etc. for aggressive behavior. Whereas white males, displaying the same type of behavior, are identified as potential leaders and more likely to placed in classes for the gifted. Let me elucidate this point with a tale of two males, separated by time and race, both born in the city of Chicago. The first male, of Irish decent, was born in a lower working class family in an ethnic community that prided itself in its independence, ethnic identity and solidarity. This kid, growing up during just after the great depression, became a member and subsequent leader of a street gang. As a member of this gang, Richard, was directly responsible for what became known as the Rainbow beach riots. Rainbow beach, located on the near south side of Chicago was during the 30's and 40's had the ignoble distinction of being the boundary separating white and black swimmers. Young turfs, with a penchant for violence, were implicitly allowed to defend this white preserve from black interlopers. On one hot day in July of 1934, Richard and his gang brutally beat several black couples who dared to challenge the racial dividing line at Rainbow Beach. While a riot would ensue in the days that followed, Richard was never charged. Nevertheless, he was recognized for his leadership skills by the local ward politician. Richard was recruited into the machine apparatus, and soon was distributing campaign material. With time, this young man worked his way up the political hierarchy. At the age of 18, for his efforts, he received a scholarship from one of the state universities. Upon graduation another scholarship, this time for law, was arranged by the politicians. Richard, with law degree in hand, quickly returned to the political home of the Democratic machine. His career is remarkable in that in less than 15 years he was systematically and regularly victorious in municipal ward and state elected positions. Having paid his political dues, he became the candidate for mayor an election he won. Richard, soon becoming the most powerful mayor in the city's history, spent the rest of his life in what some have called the 2nd most powerful position in America. Richard Daley, da mayor, died in office after serving for more than 28 years as head of the strongest political machine of this century. Another boy, Jeff, also was born in a lower working class family in an ethnic community that prided itself in its independence, ethnic identity and solidarity. At first blush, the only difference from Jeff's community of origin and that of Richard is that his was black. Jeff, at the early age of nine had already caught the attention of local police and social service personnel. A constant runaway and truant, he was frequently before juvenile authorities. Even at this young age, Jeff displayed a great degree of creativity and leadership skills. For weeks he would avoid the police and other authorities by disappearing for weeks. Jeff's unique way of running away was simply slipping on the subways and continuously riding it wherever it went. Only getting off to boost some food or change of clothes, use the bath, or just to play - Jeff became invisible. After repeated attempts to change this boy's ways, Jeff at the age of 11 was deemed out of control and placed in repeatedly in juvenile detention. At the state reform school for juveniles, Jeff further distinguished himself through organizing the entire facility with himself as head. The initial forms of the El Roukins came into being through his frequent visits ti state facilities. By the age of 24 the El Roukins were the largest, most vicious street gang in Chicago. The gang, dealing in drugs and violence, came to own more than $1 million in property, control over the south and west sides of the city, and treaties and exchange relations with white and Latino gangs across the city. Jeff Forte, currently serving 30 years for aggravated drug trafficking charges in federal prisons, still controls his gang from behind bars. Youth, as young as 6 and 7 are still being recruited by the gang. Their control over crime, drugs and prostitution goes relatively unabated in Chicago. How do these two lives differ? Obviously, one was white and the other black. However, the social climate has also changed, and with this change our attitudes toward juveniles have taken on a decidedly racial cast. When Richard was young, a catholic priest by the name Father ??? was instrumental in initiating the "Boys' town" movement across this country. His call summarized in this statement "I've never seen a bad kid yet" was especially true when the kids in the inner city were Irish, Jewish, Italian, and Polish. Now that these kids are black, Hispanic, Vietnamese, and Jamaican . . . it seems that they are all bad, and we cannot build prisons fast enough. some other anecdotal evidence of this process: Most of us are aware of the Emmett Louis Till story. This black teenager from Chicago who on Aug. 28, 1955, was beaten beyond recognition and shot to death while visiting relatives in Money MS. Two white men were charged with the murder but were found innocent by an all-white jury. Police in 1967 shot three black men to death in Detroit in 1967. In Chicago, of the same year Black panthers awoke to a hail of bullets. While more than 500 rounds were shot in that tiny hotel room killing five black men, all were from police issued revolvers. Not one police officer has ever been officially charged. More recently a casual observation reveals the same trends. For example, Roy Ray Martin, Ricky Rivera Mungia and Eli Trevino Mungia were indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of killing one black man and wounding two others during a drive through Lubbock TX in Oct. 1994. The men were accused of luring blacks to their car and shooting them with a short-barreled shotgun. Alternative, the execution of William Henry Hance has triggered a new round of criticism that Georgia juries send more blacks than whites to the electric chair. Since the death penalty was restored in the 1970s, Georgia has executed 18 men. Twelve of them, or 67%, were black. This trend is duplicated in every state of the union. This situation can be made perfectly clear if we consider the black male, while similar cases can also be made for Native American, Hispanic, Asian and other non-dominant males. Black male inmates are frequently murdered while the official story is that they simply committed suicide. Odd that so many, who never thought of suicide would -even for minor offences, apparently just wake up and decide to kill themselves. The situation is not limited to the U.S. either. Consider, the case of Orville who in 1991 while in solitary confinement at Berkshire England's Broadmoor mental hospital committed suicide. Two other young black men in the previous year had found a similar fate in the same mental hospital. Why not an y whites? Some other events to ponder: A Dade County FL Circuit Court judge ruled on Mar 5, 1993 that the retrial of William Lozano, a Miami police officer charged in the deaths of two black men, would be held Miami despite pleas by both the prosecution and the defense to move the trial. Lozano had been convicted on two counts of manslaughter, but an appeal's court overturned the decision on the grounds that the verdict had been affected by community fears of civil unrest if Lozano was found innocent. Fearing their allegations would get buried along with the victims, Mississippi civil rights activists went to Atlanta to publicize their claim that 23 young black men who died in local jails over a three-year time period were murdered. The most recent of which involved 18-year-old Andre Jones who died in 1994. I promise to come back to this in the near future: "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 20 15:35:37 1995 Date: Mon, 20 Nov 95 17:34:19 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: Andrew Varvel Subject: Race and Social Control: An Addendum - A response Thank You Andrew: Its good to see a intellectual comrad in the struggle against the insanity that we call life: In reading your addendum I found myself aggreeing with most of it, however I would like to argue that some of your basic primises are false. Let me begin with the assertion that: " The United States is riven by a division between the white nationalist and the American territorialist. The US is torn between the Declaration of Independence and Manifest Destiny. On the one side are those who say that the Declaration of Independence says "We the People" and define the US as part of "Western Civilization". (They conveniently omit Latin America as being part of western civilization. This can only mean (since Mexico and the Philippines are just as "western" as the US) that they are really saying the the United States of America is part of Europe!) On the other side are those who argue that the Declaration fo Independence says "We the People of the United States of America". In other words, this means the people *of* the states which are united *of* America. America is a region. Other states may exist in America, but these states are united, and more importantly, *THEY SECEEDED FROM EUROPE*." First of all, America has never subscribed to the principles described in the "Declaration of Independence" it has never held that these sentiments applied to all the people. Hell, women, native americans, blacks were conspicously and purposely excluded from this grand document. America started out as a capitalist venture whose aims were to secure the greatest profits, with the smallest amount of effort. Hence, we note that Columbus who first viewed the Native Americans with such awe, quickly started to massecre them. Consider the following statements from his letter to Queen Isabella: "The [the Native Americans] are a very loving race and without covetousness and suitable to any use and I declare to your Highnesses that there is not a better country nor a better people in the world. They love their neighbours as they do themselves and their speech is the softest in the world being always accompanied by smiles. (Duff: p. 130-131) But this was Columbus' first voyage, on his second voyage we see that these beautiful, loving, and smiling people had become heathens. Observe from his records in 1493 he we note that he felt obliged to : take "by force . . the first island I found, some of the natives that they might learn our language and give me information about what there was in those parts. (Duff: p. 151) and what was he interested in finding>>>in a letter and prayer to the Queen Isabella he concludes with "Our Lord in his piety, guide me that I may find the gold, I mean their mine, as I have many here who profess to know it." When Columbus could not find the gold quick enough he ordered that "Its queen (an aged woman) Higuanama by name, be hanged, while an infinite number of her people were tormented and put to death. Some were burned alive, some had their legs cut off that they could not walk and others their arms that they could not work or gather food...Such as were reserved as beasts of burden or to work the mines were fed for the most part on herbs and seldom had food which nourished them, so that the milk dried in the breasts of the women and strength of the men faded away forever. (Thatcher, Vol. 1. p. 125-126) Thus begins our glorious nation, carnage, forced labor and destruction of non-European cultures. The purpose was to exploit, destroy not to build. If not for the civilizing influences of such persons as Las Casas, Estevan, Quakers, Sojourna Truth, Frederick Douglas .Mrs. Lincoln, Mrs. Elenar Roosevelt Martin and Malcolm, Thougood Marshall, John and Robert Kennedy, Marcus Garvey, Rosa Parks . . . down through the ages...there would not be a country at all... more later... "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From SYRDN@ice.csv.warwick.ac.uk Tue Nov 21 14:11:58 1995 id VAA03956; Tue, 21 Nov 1995 21:11:27 GMT From: "PROF R COHEN" Organization: University of Warwick To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 21:11:07 +0000 (GMT) Subject: Cambridge Survey of World Migration Members of the REVS list might be interested in *The Cambridge Survey of World Migration*, edited by Robin Cohen, and published this month. The Survey begins in the sixteenth century with the establishment of the European colonies overseas, and covers the history of migration to the late twentieth century, when political conflict, global communications and transport networks stimulated immense and complex flows of displaced people, labour migrants and skilled professionals. In 95 contributions and 15 editorial comments, leading scholars from 27 countries consider a wide variety of issues pertaining to migration and its consequences. Issues of ethnic conflict and adaptation are considered. This is the most complete coverage of international migration ever attempted in a single volume. Full details of the publication are available (by snail mail) from Jason Clark, Social Sciences Marketing, Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 1BR, UK. His E-mail address is jclark@cup.ac.uk. Those from US or dollar-area countries may wish to direct their enquiries to the New York Office of CUP -- lfishman@cup.org Regrettably the book is very expensive (75 pounds sterling), but it is also very large -- 583 pages of double column type. It may be a helpful reference book for your institution's library. Robin Cohen From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Tue Nov 21 16:04:32 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 17:05:22 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: 19 november >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following appeared on another e-mail network. It contains information about new anti-immigration initiatives in Italy. ------------------------------ From: apellilli@synapsis.it (apellilli) Date: Sat, 18 Nov 1995 21:43:06 GMT To: antiracism-eur-l@sonne.comlink.apc.org Subject: 19 november hi All In Italy, in these days, is discussed of a law decree that wants to expel it immigrated clandestine that they commit crimes. The clandestine will be "expeditious" toward the native nations if surprise in "flagrancy of crime," without have a regular process. The net Italian antiracism (160 associations) encourages a national manifestation for November -19 -1995 in Torino to which they will participate lay associations and Catholics. Associoazione ANAP CAST ATLANTIDE [italia] From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Tue Nov 21 16:09:58 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 17:09:50 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Croat/U.S. Collaboration in Bosnia Alleged >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following comment was posted on another e-mail network by A. Harrison. It has some opinions/information about the war in Bosnia. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ PSNers may be interested in hearing about a programme broadcast on ITV in Britain last night (16 November). Dermot Murnaghan's "Big Issue" programme dealt with American assistance to the Croatian regime. The programe alleged that much of the Croatian success in the Krajina offensive resulted from American assistance in terms of training and the supply of unmanned surveillance aircraft. Perhaps the most telling evidence supplied was a tour of a Croatian military college, where the team had two cameras - a full-size one, visible to the officer taking them round, and a smaller, concealed camera. The officer explicitly refused them permission to film buildings which were used by Americans, and insisted that all references to American presence be deleted from the tape. This footage was, of course, preserved on the hidden camera. The officer explicitly referred to the American involvement being agreed at ministeral level, the United States minister being identified as a Mr Perry. Maybe, given the existence of the First Amendment, this will be shown on American networks, or maybe not.... From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Wed Nov 22 11:51:59 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 12:48:23 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: mass protest in Mexico >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following appeared on another e-mail network. It has information that may be of interest to revs listmembers. ------------------------------ Perhaps some of you already know this: the ecomomic crisis in mexico has generated large scale protests on the part of workers, students, peasants and evn the middle class. Just yesterday the Sutuar convened a march of 50 000 to unite the various protest movements (Sutuar is the union of the public bus line which was privatized. Their leaders are in jail). A couple of days ago there was a rally of 20 000 office and health care workers of the IMSS (social security), threatened with privatization. There are currently 60 000 students from the Colleges of Sciences and Humanities of the UNAM on strike, demanding input to curriculum and more accessability. And in chiapas, talks have broken down and thousands of peasants have blocked the transamerican highway. And that's only recent events .. earlier this fall, for example, hundreds of students occupied the administration building of the UNAM. They were demanding more admissions and an end to fraud in the admission exams. How do I know this? By reading the newspaper .. but not US newspapers, which black out almost all this. There are Mexican newspapers on line, eg La Jornada http://www.nuclecu.unam.mx/~jornada (in Spanish, of course) From fredr@hawaii.edu Wed Nov 22 11:18:25 1995 Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 08:17:57 -1000 From: Fred Riggs To: ETHNIC-L , "R.E.V.NET" , EWC Capti Subject: PSRT-L: approval required (379A85) (fwd) Colleagues: you may have received an earlier posting on this conference, but here is an up-date and it looks like a broadly significant activity with much relevance to problems of ethnic identity and relationships. Fred ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: ICSC konferenssi Subject: Crossroads: 2nd Announcement Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 18:44:39 +0200 (EET) >NOTE: We have also WWW-pages: >http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/sosio/culture/index.html > > >------------------------------------------------------------------------= > CROSSROADS IN CULTURAL STUDIES > > SECOND ANNOUNCEMENT > >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Dear colleague, > >When starting to organize this conference, for me the thriving force was= >the strong conviction that cultural studies people from all over the world >should get together and share their work and thoughts at an international >conference. Still I must say I was amazed at the huge attention the >Crossroads in Cultural Studies conference has received. > >Over 350 people from all continents have sent their abstracts, and some 600 >people have contacted us! I also know that many people who are definitely >coming have not yet signed up. So I have every reason to believe that it= >is going to be a major and exciting event in international cultural studies. > >There is still room for papers in the programme. However, if you are >planning to send an abstract but have not yet (e-)mailed it, now is the >time to do it. The deadline for abstracts and registration for the normal >price is March 31, 1996. The accepted abstracts of those who haven't paid >the registration fee in time will be removed from the book of abstracts,= > to be published by Tampere University Press. > >On behalf of the organizing committee, I heartily welcome you to the >Crossroads in Cultural Studies conference. I hope you will enjoy the bright >and warm midsummer days in Tampere. > >Yours sincerely, > >Pertti Alasuutari >Chair of the Organizing Committee > >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Cultural studies is not a one-way street between the centre and >peripheries. Rather, it is a crossroads, a meeting point in between >different centres, disciplines and intellectual movements. People in many >countries and with different backgrounds have worked their way to the >crossroads independently. They have made contacts, exchanged views and >gained inspiration from each other in pursuing their goals. > >The vitality of cultural studies depends on a continuous traffic through= >this crossroads. Therefore the conference organizers invite people with >different geographical, disciplinary and theoretical backgrounds together >to share their ideas. We encourage international participation from a wide >range of research areas. > >The conference is organized by the Department of Sociology and Social >Psychology, University of Tampere, and Network Cultural Studies. The >organizing committee represents several universities and disciplines. > >Organizing committee International advisory board >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Pertti Alasuutari (chair) Ien Ang (Australia) >Marko Valo (secretary) Jostein Gripsrud (Norway) >Pirkkoliisa Ahponen Lawrence Grossberg (USA) >Katarina Eskola Kim Schr=F6der (Denmark) >Pasi Falk >Marja-Liisa Honkasalo >Eeva Jokinen >Mikko Lehtonen >Kaisu R=E4tty=E4 >Matti Savolainen >Annika Suoninen >Soile Veijola > >------------------------------------------------------------------------ >PRELIMINARY PROGRAMME: >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Monday July 1 >------------------------------------------------------------------------= > > 10-12 am Plenary session: Opening of the Conference > * Ien Ang: Cultural Studies at a Crossroad > * Handel K. Dare we de-centre Birmingham? Authoriz= >ed > Wright: and Other Cultural Studies > 12-13 pm Lunch > 13:15-15:00 Sessions > 15:15-17:00 Sessions > 17:17-19:00 Sessions > 20:00 Welcoming Party >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Tuesday July 2 >------------------------------------------------------------------------= > > 8:15-10:00 Sessions > 10:15-12:00 Plenary Session: Differences in Cultural Studies > * Antony Easthope: Nation and Culture > * Paul Gilroy: (Title will be announced later) > * Eeva Jokinen & > Soile Veijola: Sexing the Tourist: Differences that Matter > 12-13 pm Lunch > 13:15-15:00 Sessions > 15:15-17:00 Sessions > 17:17-19:00 Sessions > 20:00 The Finnish Night: barbeque, sauna, swimming... > >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Wednesday July 3 >------------------------------------------------------------------------= > 8:15-10:00 Sessions > 10:15-12:00 Plenary Session: Social Theory in Cultural Studies > * Lawrence > Grossberg: Cultural Theory and Cultural Studies > * George Ritzer: Both Modern and Postmodern: Fast-Food= > > Restaurants, Credit Cards and Other > Innovations in the Means of Consumption > * Bryan S. Turner: Post-war Generational Cultures: > demography, identity and action > 12-13 pm Lunch > 13:15-15:00 Sessions > > 15:15-17:00 Sessions > 17:17-19:00 Sessions > 20:00 The Farewell Party >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >Thursday July 4 >------------------------------------------------------------------------= > 8:15-10:00 Sessions > 10:15-12:00 Plenary Session: Media and Society > * Jostein > Gripsrud: Media, Society, History: Critical > Perspectives on Cultural Studies > * Joke Hermes: Media Figures in Identity Constructio= >n > * Pertti > Alasuutari: The Inscribed Audience > 12-13 pm Lunch > 13:15-15:00 Sessions > 15:15-17:00 Business Meeting > and Goodbye >------------------------------------------------------------------------ > >LIST OF SESSIONS > > 1. Alienation in Family and Education > 2. Anthropology and Cultural Studies: Influences and Differences > 3. Body in Society > 4. Constructionist Therapy and Helping > 5. Construction of Identities > 6. Cross/Cultural, Cross/Gender Encounters > 7. Cultural Approaches to Education > 8. Cultural Encounters in the Mediterranean > 9. Cultural Studies and Space > 10. Culture and Drinking Behaviour > 11. The Culture of Cities > 12. Deadly Differences: Death, Suffering, and Gender between > Representation and experience > 13. Diaries and Everyday Life > 14. Encountering Otherness in Cultural Border Crossings > 15. Ethnography and Reception: Dilemmas in Qualitative Audience Studies= > 16. European Life Stories in a Comparative Perspective > 17. Feminist and Cultural Approaches to Tourism > 18. History and Theory of Cultural Studies > 19. (Inter)Net Cultures and New Information Technology > 20. Media Culture in the Everyday Life of Children and Youth > 21. The Narrative Construction of Life Stories > 22. Narratives of Illness > 23. Narrowcast and Community Media > 24. New Genders: The Decay of Heterosexuality > 25. News and Cultural Studies > 26. "Other" Cultural Studies > 27. Politics and the Arts > 28. Post-Socialism and Cultural Reorganization > 29. Rethinking Integration - concepts, products and realities > 30. Risk and Culture > 31. Science, Technology & Culture > 32. Sexed Bodies in Cultural Studies > 33. Social Theory and Semiotics > 34. Study of Institutional Discourse > 35. Style And Power: The Example Of Court Culture > 36. Texts and Contexts: Literary Studies and Cultural Studies > 37. Voices of the Vietnam War: experience, literature, art, and politics > in cultural contexts > 38. Voluntary Associations as Cultures > 39. The West and The Rest: (Re)Defining Eastern Europe > 40. Wild Biology: feminist readings of science, medicine and the media > 41. Youth Culture > >------------------------------------------------------------------------= >REPLY FORM: > >I would like to receive the Invitation Programme and Registration Form: > >Name: _____________________________________________ > >Organization: _____________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >Address: __________________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >Tel: ______________________________________________ > >Fax: ______________________________________________ > >E-mail: ___________________________________________ > >I would like to present a paper at the session: > >___________________________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >Paper title: ______________________________________ > >___________________________________________________ > >Preliminary Abstract (No more than 100 words, please type on a separate >sheet and send by e-mail or mail). The deadline for abstracts is March 31, >1996. > >Registration fee (including lunches) > > * FIM 1000 before March 31 ___ > * FIM 1500 after April 1 ___ > >Undergraduate students > > * FIM 600 before March 31 ___ > * FIM 800 after April 1 ___ > >Please complete and return to: > >Crossroads in Cultural Studies >Tampere Conference Service >Takojankatu 15 B >FIN-33540 TAMPERE >FINLAND > >tel: +358 31 261 2111 >fax: +358 31 261 1911 >e-mail: iscsmail@uta.fi > Michael Margolis TEL: 513-556-3310 Dep't of Political Science Michael.Margolis@UC.EDU University of Cincinnati ML375 Cincinnati, OH 45221-0375 From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Mon Nov 27 11:51:49 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 12:53:46 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: psn@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: Nature article >From Alan Spector: I found the following on an e-mail network. It may be of interest to members of this network. ------------------------------ Subject: Nature article If someone can retrieve his email address from the www, it might be good to send Roubertoux messages of support for his principled stand. >From Nature vol 378 p. 224 (Nov. 16 95), article by Declan Butler: "Geneticist quits in protest at 'genes and violence' claim Paris. The French president-elect of the Behaviour Genetics Association has resigned in protest at the refusal of the association's executive committee to expel a past-president for having given a speech at which he claimed there was a racial basis for different murder rates between U.S. cities. The speech was given at the 25th annual meeting last May of the 450-member association by Glayde Whitney, a psychologist at Florida State University. Un the speech, Whitney argued that genetic inheritance may play a major role in determining behaviour and condemned what he described as the "left-liberal Marxist dogma of environmental determinism." Presenting data which , he claimed, demonstrated a strong correlation between murder rates in U.S. cities and the proportion of blacks, Whitney argued that "some, perhaps much" of this could be the result of genetic differences related to intelligence, "lack of empathy", aggression and "impulsive lack of foresight". He added, "I know of no environmental variable that accounts for more of the variation (than the proportion of blacks in the population)". Many members of both the association and the executive committee have since denounced the speech as "offensive". For example, the current president, James Wilson, of the University of Colorado's Institute for Behavioural Genetics, has described the address as hurtful both to black members of the audience and to black staff at the function, while the association's journal, "Behaviour Genetics", has refused to publish the address. But Whitney has now published his address in the journal Mankind Quarterly, accompanied by a preface entitled "Ideology and Censorship in Behaviour Genetics" in which he says that his speech was intended to show that "ideologically-based dogma and taboo" are hampering research in behavioural genetics. Whitney, who is renowned for his work on olfaction in mice, was not available for comment last week. But in his preface, he described the reaction to his speech as a "parody of political correctness", and criticized members of the association's executive committee for acting in the "finest Lysenkoist tradition." Despite such criticism, the executive committee has decided to take no action against Whitney. According to the association's secretary, Andrew Heath, of the department of psychiatry at Washington (sic) School of Medicine in St. Louis Missouri, any action to penalize Whitney would be contrary to freedom of speech. Furthermore, the committee, after consultations with former board members, cancelled a meeting scheduled to take place last week at which the issue of whether it would be "appropriate" to expel Whitney from the executive committee was to have been discussed. Holding the meeting would also only have "inflamed the situtation", says Wilson, who himself had earlier urged Whitney to resign. According to Heath, following these consultations, the committee concluded that Whitney had showed "poor judgement". BUt a majority of its memebers also felt that it could not "take the risk" of compromising the right of scientists to free speech. "The price we pay for this freedom is that sometimes we have to listen to things that might offend us as individuals," says Heath. But Pierre Roubertoux, who was to have taken over as the association's president next year, disagreed, and announced that he was no longer prepared to take up the new post- Roubertoux heads the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/ University of Paris V Rene Descartes Laboratory of Genetics, Neurogenetics, and Behaviour. In his resignation letter, Roubertoux argues that freedom of speech should apply to a talk given as one individual's point of view at a symposium, where it could be discussed and if necessary challenged. But he claimed that, as the address was given by an elected officer, it appeared to be "the official view of the association." Robertoux, who walked out during Whitney's speech, says he has since apologized on the association's behalf to black waiters working at the function. "I refuse to be on the same board as Whitney," he adds. Wilson describes Roubertoux's resignation as "a heavy loss to the board." From varvel@plains.nodak.edu Wed Nov 22 17:27:06 1995 From: Andrew Varvel Subject: Re: Race and Social Control: An Addendum - A counterresponse To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 18:26:57 -0600 (CST) Dear Rodney Coates and All: I find some of your criticism valid, but I do disagree with the notion that my basic premises (We the People vs. We the People of the United States of America) are incorrect. The Declaration The Declaration of Independence is many things. Biased is one of them. Women were excluded from the document. Indians were referred to as "Indian Savages". However, I saw no reference in the document that includes or excludes blacks. When I read it, it appeared quite ambiguous. The hypocrisy of the founding fathers was gigantic by modern standards. It is full of contradictions. For one thing, it asserts a new identity for the United States of America while in the same breath complaining about the obstruction of population of the states by foreigners. Did the US really take the principles of the "Declaration of Independence seriously? Yes and no. For most of its history, no. For most of the population, again no. However, for the signers of the document, it would have been insanity to sign a document that they didn't believe in. Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, and Steve Biko died for their beleifs. Had the American Revolution been lost, the signatures were proof of treason. People generally don't risk their lives for principles they don't believe in. And besides, the question of emancipation of white landed men raised questions. This country is founded on that document. Its identity is defined by it, to some extent. Women started getting ideas about their own citizenship once there wasn't some patriarch at the apex of the pyramid anymore. The Quakers raised the question of slavery and the slave trade. They became issues by the time of the constitutional convention. Admittedly, the compromise was awful. However, unlike other places, the US did not explicitly declare itself to be a white nation (regardless of what people like John Wilkes Booth wanted). Identity I ask you to please remember the "renegade" in US culture -- the US's equivalent of the European Christian "turning Turk". Ostracism of people who genuinely respect and live with the "enemy" is necessary for maintaining identity. Without it, identity (at least, identity based on blood and/or ideology) loses meaning. Identity defines itself at its boundaries. Yes, there is cynicism at the political center, but there is also a genuine feeling of identity. In order to perpetuate the "white race", violence is necessary. Otherwise, people would coexist and intermarry. Division by blood (or sometimes, idelology, in the case of militant Christianity or Islam) requires more vigilance by frontiersmen than by people at the center -- and thus more blatant violence. Polarization usually creates sexual tension -- but mostly in the ruling ethnicity! Racism creates a "forbidden fruit" feeling within the ruling class that often results in physical oppression of the male of the subject ethnicity. The stereotypes of Jews in Nazi Germany, Arabs in Pied Noir Algeria, Indians here, blacks elsewhere, and "westerners" in the Middle East are almost exactly the same -- the brutal, lusty man looking for trouble with the "innocent" ruling ethnicity girl (with the usual corrollary of the sensuous woman who is not powerful). The contradiction between power and identity is very strong. Just as the male feels he "owns" the female of the subject group, he is aware of that his female counterparts are just as likely to have the same feelings. This leads to male tyranny over females, when they can get away with it. It's interesting to note stories of the servant men who run frantically *away* from lusty ruling class women who see them as playthings -- both out of lack of interest and a knowledge of the consequences. THE AMERICAS The Americas were colonized with different purposes in mind and for very different reasons. Some colonies were enclaves for religious fanatics. Others were based on trade with Indians, such as New Amsterdam. Others were totally commercial, and reliant on African labor. Yet others were based on conquest, in which the relationships were complex. Here are just a few comments. Mexico Mexico is an interesting case of how mutual manipulation worked. The Aztec Empire was in the midst of a nasty civil war, with a desperate population that prayed fervently for their version of the messiah. The Aztecs wanted to keep Cortes at bay and use them to shore up their regime. The peasantry wanted to be released from slavery. And the ruling classes of the tributary states wanted the band of Cortes to both overthrow the Mexica and support them in maintaining power over their peasantry. In the ensuing war, Cortes used Christianity as a flag to rally behind, and most of the population regarded the Virgin Mary as a wonderful alternative the Hummingbird God. However, in Mexico, the conquerers were, in the end, the Aztecs. The population was decimated by disease, and most of it was enslaved. The ruling class that survivied the war and plague intermarried with the Spaniards and tightened control. Mexico's present inequalities mirror its pre-Columbian realities (for the worse). Very often, the history of the Americas is portrayed as a one-way affair -- as the conquest of one region by one group of people. In too many histories of the world, whites are desribed as being the only people with ulterior motives and the only ones with greed. This is really unfair, as it downplays the clever diplomacy of the Iroquois, Cherokee, and Texcocans. And in Africa, Eurocentrism obscures the brilliant statesmanship of Meshweshwe. My own backyard In the northern plains, the impact of companies on Native Americans were variable. The Hudson Bay Company was quite beneficial for trade here -- at first. When the (French) Northwest Company came, they introduced competition, which was good for the supplier. Unfortunately, the French traders greatly increased the amount of booze in the trade, and rivalled the Assiniboines as middlemen. The companies later merged, with the result of the old monopoly, but with the trading privileges of the Assiniboine breahced and booze firmly part of the fur trade. Finally, due to the patronage of the US government and the exclusion of British trade, the (US) American Fur Company gained prominence. It was really disgusting -- it excluded Native Americans from the trade altogether -- it's no wonder that the fur trappers were so often attacked and needed protection from the US Army! Eerie Echoes In the history of the United States of America, I see many missed opportunities for coexistence. Instead of pursuing a policy of peaceful conciliation with various tribes, Manifest Destiny wiped away any notion of compromise. The parallels of American history to modern day are very frightening. In 1775, Tories were lynched, tarred and feathered, and otherwise forced out of New England towns. They fled to the only haven for Tories in the region -- Boston. And what did the Tories experience? Constant siege bombardment by cruel warlords. Occasionally, relief supplies were brought in by sea, but they were targeted by the siege guns of the rebel forces. The British Empire desperately tried to raise the siege, and they had victories -- but at a very high cost. In the end, the British forces ferried the scared Tory population out, effectively "politically cleansing" the city. The Iroqouis, during the revolutionary war, were just as divided as the settlers. In particular, the Seneca were waging a fratricidal war. However, due to guerrilla tactics by Tory Iroquois against Continental forces, George Washington came up with a solution. On his orders, Iroqouis villages were burned. In the Sherman's march through Georgia and the Carolinas, there were rapes, and there were killings of prisoners by both Confederate and Federal forces. The same military logic that led to the devastation of Georgia led also to the killing of the buffalo -- and the firebombings of Tokyo and Hamburg. It looks as though the Clausewitzean notion of "breaking the will" of the enemy people has gone one step further in Bosnia -- the rape camp. A word about Columbus Personally, I regard Christopher Columbus as neither a hero nor a villain, but as a tragic hero. His conduct was too hideous for a hero and too pathetic for a villain. He reminds me of Radovan Karadzic -- an unappreciated, self-righteous, and self-sacrificing zealot who turns into a babbling madman nobody wants to listen to. Finally, the role of Christopher Columbus in American history is overemphasized by Eurocentrists -- both those who idolize him and those who vilify him. Certainly, he was not irrelevant in the course of American history. However, he has been turned into a giant he never was. The navigation school of Portugal made the discovery of the Americas by Europeans inevitable. Rather, it was the nature of the exploration of the Americas that wasn't inevitable. It could have been different. Perhaps, the process of cultural discovery can be made in the future on a different basis than was done in ages past. In hope for a shared future, Andrew Varvel Geology & History University of North Dakota From united@aps.nl Thu Nov 23 14:36:28 1995 for revs@csf.colorado.edu To: united-l@aps.nl Subject: new address of UNITED From: united@aps.nl (united) Date: Thu, 23 Nov 95 18:13:28 +0200 Organization: Activist Press Service, Amsterdam Dear friends, Please note that UNITED for Intercultural Action has changed its e-mail address. Our new address is: united@antenna.nl The change is effective immediately. We look forward to continued e-mail communication with you! With best wishes from all at UNITED. UNITED for Intercultural Action European Network against Nationalism, Racism, Fascism and in Support of Migrants and Refugees Postbus 413, 1000 AK Amsterdam, Netherlands Tel +31 20 683 4778 / Fax +31 20 683 4582 e-mail united@antenna.nl From coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu Mon Nov 27 13:47:31 1995 Date: Mon, 27 Nov 95 15:45:13 EST From: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) Reply-To: coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu (Rodney Coates) To: ABSLST-L@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU, African-American Research , PROGRESSIVE SOCIOLOGISTS NETWORK , barnumsr@muohio.edu Subject: Race/Ethnic Relations: Conflict resolution and the interne Here is an updated version of a proposed course: Thanks for the many comments and suggestions. As we move into the next phase of the decision and approval process I would like to re-issue an invitation to participate. Already responses have come from Britian, Ireland, Germany, and of course several here in the U.S. Is this something that you would like to colloborate with and in, an opportunity our students can benefit from. Let me know, and again thanks. Xenophobia has reemerged throughout Europe, while Racism and ethnic hostilities are on the rise in America. Scapegoats and groups are being singled out for hostile reactions, discrimination, and hate. Uncertainty, fear, economic recessions, political instabilities are the most identifiable causes of these problems. In the light of the latest wave of xenophobia and racism it is increasingly essential that students become involved in race relations and conflict resolution. The nature of the Class: (I) Syllabi and bibliographic resources could be shared via E-mail. (II) Electronic "bulletin boards" would announce topics or themes for dialogue or debate. (III) Faculty and student discussion groups could "talk" back and forth - respond to questions, "solve" problems. (IV) Lectures would be sent via E-mail and made available for reading at any time. (Electronic TEAM-TEACHING) (V) REQUIREMENTS (a) active participation in a discussion group, (b) writing assignment (short paper(s), a long(er) critical essay or research paper. Some products of this process: "Conflict Resolution" course that results in or produces: (a) an innovative mode of teaching and learning, (b) instructional networking among social scientists, (3) an electronically generated set of resources (e.g., films, bibliographies), (4) a teaching product that could be submitted to the ASA Teaching Resources Division, and/or (5) "solutions" to troubling problems of the time. Focused in class discussions featuring role playing. This exercise carried out in a series of critical negotiations and debates could lead students into deeper discussions of how perceived history feeds into racial/ethnic hatreds which combine with current security concerns. How these factors place obstacles while negotiating lasting solutions to ethnic violence. By devoting time in class over an extended period to role playing, students may gain some understanding of how deeply felt some hatreds are and what measures would be needed to move beyond them. Rational: There are literally thousands of listservs devoted to providing a forum for specific ethnic and/or racial groups. One can find every variant of perspective, from racist to racialist, antagonists to protagonists, those whose aim is racial conciliation to perpetuating racial and ethnic discord. Students, from multiple universities will be encouraged to tap into these listservs. This will provide what might be called some superficial and typically a more detailed first hand introduction to various sources of conflict. After an initial period introduction, surfing of the net and scanning published material, students will be encouraged to select a particular regional conflict and pair up with colleagues at other institutions. Teams will be constructed which will be devoted to a particular side of the conflict ( for example: If Ireland were taken as a regional location, one set of students will take the side of Protestants while another will take the Catholics. In America, one set could represent Native Americans living on reservations while another federal or local townspeople. In Canada it might be between French and English. In the middle east one set obviously could take Palestinian while others will take the position of Jewish settlers. ). Through research and dialogue the student teams would explore the historical, psychological, economic, political, sociological and contemporary sources of conflict from the unique vantage point of the particular group. By looking at the multiple facets of the problem through interdesciplinarian lenses slanted from the unique perspective of the particular groups greater clarity will be provided regarding the exact nature of various conflicts. Through continuous and regular dialogue with fellow students over the Internet a more dynamic intellectual process will follow. Syllabus: BWS: 495 "Race/Ethnic Relations: Conflict Resolution and the Internet - Process and Solutions" - A Seniors Honors Course Pedagogical Rational All too often racial/ethnic groups (in America and throughout the world) and issues relating to their existence are objectified. Such objectification reduces racial/ethnic group existence to that of problems that are then researched, examined, and discussed but rarely solved. The consequences of this approach are that racial/ethnic groups and problems become inseparable in the minds of the student and lay public. Thus rather then the problems faced by racial/ethnic groups, the subject of inquiry becomes racial/ethnic group problems, the problem of racial/ethnic groups, etc. Historically, to the extent that solutions are rendered, they are done so with the aim of rehabilitating racial/ethnic groups. While the problem(s) remain(s) unresolved. Alternatively, a problem focused research concentrates on symptomatic discussions rarely identifying underlying causes, symbiotic relationships (between problems), and structural processes that inhibit identification of specific solutions and/or successful policy formulation. What this means is that we periodically rediscover the same problem set(s), offer typically the same cosmetic solutions which results in frustration and apathy when our efforts prove ineffectual. It is envisioned that this capstone course would be process and solutions oriented. The course would have three primary foci: (1) Problem identification (i.e., analysis of the historical, social, political and ethical context by which a problem set has emerged), (2) process identification (i.e., cross-cultural analysis of programs and policies implemented to resolve similar types of problem sets), and (3) solution generation (i.e., the synthesis of 1 and 2 above into an action plan aimed at resolving, solving, eliminating the problem set). This capstone course is designed to be labor intensive (both for students and faculty). A seminar format, with its implicit informal/intimate character, would best accommodate this course. Class size would therefore be limited to no more then 20 upperclass students. While this capstone would not specifically require that students either complete a BWS thematic sequence or be BWS majors, it does assume as prerequisites one or more of the following: Research and Data Analysis, Policy Design, Understanding the history, politics, theories, sociology of the racial/ethnic groups. Obviously, the more of these prerequisites the student has mastered the greater potential benefits of such an educational experience. Optimally (and with the understanding that no one student will have mastered these areas), the student makeup of the class would maximize each of these areas thereby increasing the group learning experience for all. `Students will accomplish the following and consequently learn the following because of this course. 1) Create and maintain a lstsrv linking students on the Internet concerned with Conflict Resolution 2) Understand the nature of different types of ethnic/racial conflict to include history, theory, and practice 3) Understand the nature and complexity of conflict resolution 4) acquire knowledge and formulate ideas regarding conflict resolution overall and particularly as it applies to a specific conflict situation. Optimally, seminar students will interact with their peers at other universities on a listserv devoted to conflict resolution. At the very least, students will identify news groups and other listsrvs devoted to ethnicity, race, and/or conflict resolution. This will provide a practical medium to discuss and expand students understanding and knowledge of various types of racial/ethnic conflict and its resolution. Readings for this course will come from: Week 1 and 2: Read and discuss: Wilkenson, Doris, "Transforming the Social Order: The Role of the University in Social Change." Sociological Forum 9 (1994): 325-341. Martin Luther King's Where do we go from here: Community or Chaos activity: set up lstsrv: Race/ethnic conflict resolution identify other news groups and lstsrv on INTERNET which deal with various ethnic and racial groups. Select area conflict interested (groups of 2-3 students will select a particular regional conflict they are interested in knowing more about). Begin research and interaction over net (with net partners at other institutions) regarding the history of this conflict, theories and solution sets. Establish contact with these groups and lstsrv's. Establish partnerships with other student colleagues at other participating universities. Week 3 and 4 read and discuss: Volpe, Maria R. "An Urban University-Based Conflict Resolution Program" 1994 Education and Urban Society, 1994, 27, 1, Nov, 22-34. Harris, Albert W."Negotiation Context: An Introductory Essay " 1994 Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, I-xxv. activity: take these issues apply to regional conflict of choice. Interact with INTERNET colleagues over lstsrv, arrive at a consensus re: how it applies. Week 5 and 6: read and discuss: Zoubir, Yahia H., "Protracted Conflict and Failure to Achieve Prenegotiation in the Western Sahara Conflict," 1994, Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, 1-44. Norman, Alex J., "Black-Korean Relations: From Desperation to Dialogue, or from Shouting and Shooting to Sitting and Talking" 1994, Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 1994, 3, 2, 87-99. Prepare an initial response paper re: policy implications of regional conflict, infuse readings, lstsrv discussions into group paper. Submit paper to lstsrv for debate and discussion. Week 7 and 8: Discuss and refine group paper based upon INTERNET responses. Resubmit paper to lstsrv for review, debate and discussion. Read and discuss: Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.; Edleson, Jeffrey L. " Predicting the Use of Conflict Resolution Tactics among Engaged Arab-Palestinian Men in Israel" 1994 Journal of Family Violence, 1994, 9, 1, Mar, 47-62. Week 9 and 10 read and discuss: Antonovsky, Aaron , Mburu, F. M.; Waitzkin, Howard; Siegrist, Johannes Complexity, "Conflict, Chaos, Coherence, Coercion and Civility " 1993 Social Science and Medicine, 1993, 37, 8, Oct, 969-981. Engage with lstsrv participants re: the relevancy of these observations and determine how this new information and discussions impact upon position/policy paper. Week 11 and 12 read and discuss: "Anti-Semitism and African Americans." Society (September/October, 1994): 45-48. Stone, John "Power, Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution" 1992 Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, 1992, 12(Part A), 89-105. engage with lstsrv participants re: the relevancy of these observations and determine how this new information and discussions impact upon position/policy paper. Week 13 and 14 2nd draft of position/policy paper due. Class, INTERNET discussion to follow. Read and discuss Borg, Marian J. "Conflict Management in the Modern World-System"1992 Sociological Forum, 1992, 7, 2, June, 261-282. Week 15: final paper due: Presented on net and in class for discussion, review and revision. End of course rap-up. "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." African Proverb UMOJA, Still in the struggle Rodney D. Coates Director of Black World Studies Associate Professor of Sociology Miami University Oxford, Ohio - 45056 PH: 513-5291235 From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Tue Nov 28 14:37:06 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Tue, 28 Nov 1995 15:37:10 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@Csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: Advertising ahs-talk ------------------------------ From: "Stephen P. Blackwelder" Subject: New Listserv: AHS-TALK Reply-to: stephen@server.sasw.ncsu.edu The Association for Humanist Sociology now sponsors a listserv. REVS members and others are heartily invited to join. The list is brand-new and its personality and traffic-volume are yet to be established. Subscription instructions are below, and I have appended AHS's mission statement, for those of you who may be curious. We are simultaneously launching a web page, more news on that is imminent. Send to: listserv@ncsu.edu the message: subscribe ahs-talk Firstname Lastname The listserv works similarly to the software hosting PSN, so you should feel at home, but questions may be directed to me: stephen_blackwelder@ncsu.edu --------------------------------------------------------------------- Association for Humanist Sociology: Who We Are Our Past The Association arose out of growing disenchantment with conventional sociology and a need for a more clearly value-committed emphasis in sociological work. We came together in 1976, not out of shared politics or similar "schools" of sociology, which were, and still are, richly varied, but out of a common concern for "real life" problems of peace, equality and social justice. Our Philosophy Humanists view people not merely as products of social forces but also as shapers of social life, capable of creating social orders in which everyone's potential can unfold. Our Purpose Accordingly, humanist sociologists study life with a value commitment to advance that possibility through scholarship and practice. We intend to be an active support network for sociologists committed to humanist values, as they practice sociology in institutions often hostile to such an approach. To this end, we produce a quarterly journal, _Humanity and Society_, as well as a quarterly newsletter, _The Humanist Sociologist_; we organize national meetings and have sessions at regional sociology conferences. We stay in contact through local and interest action groups. __________________________________________________ Stephen Blackwelder ________________________________________ Stephen P. Blackwelder Department of Sociology North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695-8107 (919) 515-3143 stephen_blackwelder@ncsu.edu From hall@mail.sdsu.edu Tue Nov 28 10:09:55 1995 Date: Tue, 28 Nov 1995 08:54:46 -0800 (PST) From: Linda elaine Hall To: Rodney Coates Subject: Re: Race/Ethnic Relations: Conflict resolution and the interne Good morning: I am new to this, so please bear with me! I am a senior at San Diego State University. I am a senior...major-Social Sciences w/emphasis in Africa and the Middle East. My minor being Sociology-Theory and Methodology. I start Grad scool in Fall 1997...Sociology will be my major-emphasizing on social change. My thesis (so far un-named but being planned for) will be about the recent Mideast Accord and how it has affected the Palestinian Arabs and their reactions. I am very much interested in the course you are planning. It seems a lot like the Political Science course here which focuses on the Middle East! Please keep me informed as to it's progress! As I said, I am new to discussion groups and I am a fledgling when it comes to Telnet! I have a trouble logging on from my location. The ports stay full here! Sincerely, Linda Hall On Mon, 27 Nov 1995, Rodney Coates wrote: > > Here is an updated version of a proposed course: Thanks for the many > comments and suggestions. > As we move into the next phase of the decision and approval process I > would like to re-issue an invitation to participate. Already > responses have come from Britian, Ireland, Germany, and of course > several here in the U.S. Is this something that you would like to > colloborate with and in, an opportunity our students can benefit from. > Let me know, and again thanks. > > Xenophobia has reemerged throughout Europe, while Racism and ethnic > hostilities are on the rise in America. Scapegoats and groups are > being singled out for hostile reactions, discrimination, and hate. > Uncertainty, fear, economic recessions, political instabilities are > the most identifiable causes of these problems. In the light of the > latest wave of xenophobia and racism it is increasingly essential that > students become involved in race relations and conflict resolution. > > The nature of the Class: > > > (I) Syllabi and bibliographic resources could be shared via E-mail. > (II) Electronic "bulletin boards" would announce topics or themes for > dialogue or debate. > (III) Faculty and student discussion groups could "talk" back and > forth - > respond to questions, "solve" problems. > (IV) Lectures would be sent via E-mail and made available for reading > at > any time. (Electronic TEAM-TEACHING) > > (V) REQUIREMENTS > (a) active participation in a discussion group, > (b) writing assignment (short paper(s), a long(er) critical essay or > research paper. > > Some products of this process: > > "Conflict Resolution" course that results in or produces: (a) an > innovative mode > of teaching and learning, (b) instructional networking among social > scientists, > (3) an electronically generated set of resources (e.g., films, > bibliographies), > (4) a teaching product that could be submitted to the ASA Teaching > Resources > Division, and/or (5) "solutions" to troubling problems of the time. > > Focused in class discussions featuring role playing. > > This exercise carried out in a series of critical negotiations and > debates could lead students into deeper discussions of how perceived > history feeds into racial/ethnic hatreds which combine with current > security concerns. How these factors place obstacles while > negotiating lasting solutions to ethnic violence. By devoting time in > class over an extended period to role playing, students may gain some > understanding of how deeply felt some hatreds are and what measures > would > be needed to move beyond them. > > > Rational: > > There are literally thousands of listservs devoted to providing a > forum for specific ethnic and/or racial groups. One can find every > variant of perspective, from racist to racialist, antagonists to > protagonists, those whose aim is racial conciliation to perpetuating > racial and ethnic discord. Students, from multiple universities will > be encouraged to tap into these listservs. This will provide what > might be called some superficial and typically a more detailed first > hand introduction to various sources of conflict. After an initial > period introduction, surfing of the net and scanning published > material, students will be encouraged to select a particular regional > conflict and pair up with colleagues at other institutions. Teams > will be constructed which will be devoted to a particular side of the > conflict ( for example: If Ireland were taken as a regional location, > one set of students will take the side of Protestants while another > will take the Catholics. In America, one set could represent Native > Americans living on reservations while another federal or local > townspeople. In Canada it might be between French and English. In > the middle east one set obviously could take Palestinian while others > will take the position of Jewish settlers. ). > Through research and dialogue the student teams would explore the > historical, psychological, economic, political, sociological and > contemporary sources of conflict from the unique vantage point of the > particular group. By looking at the multiple facets of the problem > through interdesciplinarian lenses slanted from the unique perspective > of the particular groups greater clarity will be provided regarding > the exact nature of various conflicts. Through continuous and regular > dialogue with fellow students over the Internet a more dynamic > intellectual process will follow. > > Syllabus: > > > BWS: 495 "Race/Ethnic Relations: Conflict Resolution and the Internet > - Process and Solutions" - A Seniors Honors Course > > Pedagogical Rational > > All too often racial/ethnic groups (in America and throughout the > world) and issues relating to their existence are objectified. Such > objectification reduces racial/ethnic group existence to that of > problems that are then researched, examined, and discussed but rarely > solved. The consequences of this approach are that racial/ethnic > groups and problems become inseparable in the minds of the student and > lay public. Thus rather then the problems faced by racial/ethnic > groups, the subject of inquiry becomes racial/ethnic group problems, > the problem of racial/ethnic groups, etc. Historically, to the extent > that solutions are rendered, they are done so with the aim of > rehabilitating racial/ethnic groups. While the problem(s) remain(s) > unresolved. > > Alternatively, a problem focused research concentrates on symptomatic > discussions rarely identifying underlying causes, symbiotic > relationships (between problems), and structural processes that > inhibit identification of specific solutions and/or successful policy > formulation. What this means is that we periodically rediscover the > same problem set(s), offer typically the same cosmetic solutions which > results in frustration and apathy when our efforts prove ineffectual. > > It is envisioned that this capstone course would be process and > solutions oriented. The course would have three primary foci: (1) > Problem identification (i.e., analysis of the historical, social, > political and ethical context by which a problem set has emerged), > (2) process identification (i.e., cross-cultural analysis of programs > and policies implemented to resolve similar types of problem sets), > and (3) solution generation (i.e., the synthesis of 1 and 2 above into > an action plan aimed at resolving, solving, eliminating the problem > set). > > This capstone course is designed to be labor intensive (both for > students and faculty). A seminar format, with its implicit > informal/intimate character, would best accommodate this course. > Class size would therefore be limited to no more then 20 upperclass > students. > > While this capstone would not specifically require that students > either complete a BWS thematic sequence or be BWS majors, it does > assume as prerequisites one or more of the following: Research and > Data Analysis, Policy Design, Understanding the history, politics, > theories, sociology of the racial/ethnic groups. Obviously, the more > of these prerequisites the student has mastered the greater potential > benefits of such an educational experience. Optimally (and with the > understanding that no one student will have mastered these areas), the > student makeup of the class would maximize each of these areas thereby > increasing the group learning experience for all. > > `Students will accomplish the following and consequently learn the > following because of this course. > 1) Create and maintain a lstsrv linking students on the Internet > concerned with Conflict Resolution > 2) Understand the nature of different types of ethnic/racial conflict > to include history, theory, and practice > 3) Understand the nature and complexity of conflict resolution > 4) acquire knowledge and formulate ideas regarding conflict > resolution overall and particularly as it applies to a specific > conflict situation. > > Optimally, seminar students will interact with their peers at other > universities on a listserv devoted to conflict resolution. At the > very least, students will identify news groups and other listsrvs > devoted to ethnicity, race, and/or conflict resolution. This will > provide a practical medium to discuss and expand students > understanding and knowledge of various types of racial/ethnic conflict > and its resolution. > > Readings for this course will come from: > > Week 1 and 2: > > Read and discuss: > Wilkenson, Doris, "Transforming the Social Order: The Role of the > University in Social > Change." Sociological Forum 9 (1994): 325-341. > > Martin Luther King's Where do we go from here: Community or Chaos > > activity: set up lstsrv: Race/ethnic conflict resolution identify > other news groups and lstsrv on INTERNET which deal with various > ethnic and racial groups. > > Select area conflict interested (groups of 2-3 students will select a > particular regional conflict they are interested in knowing more > about). Begin research and interaction over net (with net partners at > other institutions) regarding the history of this conflict, theories > and solution sets. > > Establish contact with these groups and lstsrv's. > > Establish partnerships with other student colleagues at other > participating universities. > > Week 3 and 4 > > read and discuss: > > Volpe, Maria R. "An Urban University-Based Conflict Resolution > Program" 1994 > Education and Urban Society, 1994, 27, 1, Nov, 22-34. > > > Harris, Albert W."Negotiation Context: An Introductory Essay " > > 1994 Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, I-xxv. > > activity: take these issues apply to regional conflict of choice. > Interact with INTERNET colleagues over lstsrv, arrive at a consensus > re: how it applies. > > Week 5 and 6: > > read and discuss: > Zoubir, Yahia H., "Protracted Conflict and Failure to Achieve > Prenegotiation in the Western Sahara Conflict," 1994, Humboldt Journal > of Social Relations, 1994, 20, 2, 1-44. > > Norman, Alex J., "Black-Korean Relations: From Desperation to > Dialogue, or from > Shouting and Shooting to Sitting and Talking" 1994, Journal of > Multicultural Social Work, 1994, 3, 2, 87-99. > > Prepare an initial response paper re: policy implications of regional > conflict, infuse readings, lstsrv discussions into group paper. > Submit paper to lstsrv for debate and discussion. > > Week 7 and 8: > > Discuss and refine group paper based upon INTERNET responses. > Resubmit paper to lstsrv for review, debate and discussion. > > Read and discuss: > > Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M.; Edleson, Jeffrey L. " Predicting the Use of > Conflict Resolution Tactics among Engaged Arab-Palestinian Men in > Israel" 1994 Journal of Family Violence, 1994, 9, 1, Mar, 47-62. > > > Week 9 and 10 > > read and discuss: > Antonovsky, Aaron , Mburu, F. M.; Waitzkin, Howard; Siegrist, Johannes > Complexity, "Conflict, Chaos, Coherence, Coercion and Civility " 1993 > Social Science and Medicine, 1993, 37, 8, Oct, 969-981. > > Engage with lstsrv participants re: the relevancy of these > observations and determine how this new information and discussions > impact upon position/policy paper. > > Week 11 and 12 > > read and discuss: > > "Anti-Semitism and African Americans." Society (September/October, > 1994): > 45-48. > > Stone, John "Power, Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution" 1992 Studies in > Law, Politics, and Society, 1992, 12(Part A), 89-105. > > engage with lstsrv participants re: the relevancy of these > observations and determine how this new information and discussions > impact upon position/policy paper. > > > Week 13 and 14 > 2nd draft of position/policy paper due. Class, INTERNET discussion to > follow. > > Read and discuss > Borg, Marian J. "Conflict Management in the Modern World-System"1992 > Sociological Forum, 1992, 7, 2, June, 261-282. > > Week 15: final paper due: Presented on net and in class for > discussion, review and revision. > > End of course rap-up. > > > "Only when lions have Historians will hunters cease being heroes." > African Proverb > > UMOJA, > Still in the struggle > > Rodney D. Coates > Director of Black World Studies > Associate Professor of Sociology > Miami University > Oxford, Ohio - 45056 > > PH: 513-5291235 > From spector@calumet.purdue.edu Thu Nov 30 12:40:15 1995 X-NUPop-Charset: English Date: Thu, 30 Nov 1995 13:40:34 -0600 (CST) From: "Alan Spector" Sender: spector@calumet.purdue.edu Reply-To: spector@calumet.purdue.edu To: revs@csf.colorado.edu Subject: Fw: ERaM: Danish Radio neo-Nazis >From Alan Spector, REVS Editor: The following appeared on the ERaM network. It may be of interest to members of the REVS list. ------------------------------ From: Apurba Kundu Date: Wed, 29 Nov 95 13:49:12 GMT To: eram-list@bradford.ac.uk Subject: ERaM: Danish Radio neo-Nazis I enclose the following information on neo-Nazis on Danish Radio as of potential interest to eram-list subscribers. Sincerely, ERaM Convenor Apurba Kundu --------------------------------------------------------------------- SPJ PRESS NOTES -- November 29, 1995 Prepared by Steve Geimann, President Elect NAZIS CLEARED FOR DANISH RADIO A Danish broadcasting committee in Greve, south of Copenhagen, Tuesday gave the neo-Nazis Danish National Socialist Movement a license to open its own radio station, reversing an earlier ban, the national news agency Ritzau said. The local committee said the group could broadcast for three hours each Wednesday and Sunday evening, subject to strict rules against inciting racial hatred. "Broadcasts must not contain attacks on, or express contempt for, particular racial groups and the broadcasts must in no way incite hate on grounds of race, gender, religion or nationality," Ritzau quoted the committee as saying. No explanation was offered for reversing a ban imposed last August on the grounds that media statements attributed to the group indicated that it intended to breach the law against incitement. Denmark's freedom of speech laws allow propaganda extolling the virtues of a racial group, as long as it does not incite hatred against another. -0-