NEWSLETTER, FERNAND BRAUDEL CENTER No. 19 Activities, 1994-95 August 1995 I. Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences The Commission held its second and third meetings this year: in Paris as the guest of the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Jan. 13-14, 1995; and in Binghamton as the guest of the Fernand Braudel Center, Apr. 28-29, 1995. The Commission completed the final ver- sion of its report in June 1995. It is arranging publication in as many languages as it can. It will distribute copies to officers of national and international scholarly associations in the social sciences, national and international councils of associations, na tional and international associations of universities, and UNESCO. The title of the report is "Open the Social Sciences." The Table of Contents is: Foreword..........Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation vii Report of the Commission I. The Historical Construction of the Social Sciences, from the eighteenth century to 1945 1 II. Debates Within the Social Sciences, 1945 to the present 35 1. The validity of the distinctions among the social sciences (38) 2. The degree to which the heritage is parochial (52) 3. The reality and the validity of the distinction between the "two cultures" (65) III. What Kind of Social Science Shall We Now Build? 75 1. Humans and nature (83) 2. The state as an analytic building-block (86) 3. The universal and the particular (92) 4. Objectivity (97) IV. Conclusion: Restructuring the Social Sciences 101 II. Post-Doctoral Training and Research Program The fellows for 1994-95 were: Parthasarathi Banerjee (technology & development st., India) Reinhard Bl„nkner (historian, Germany) Waldemar Czajkowski (social philosopher, Poland) Y. Eyp Ozveren (sociologist and economist, Turkey) Wang Zhengyi (political scientist, P.R. China) The theme for the year was "The States, the Markets, and the Societies: Separate Logics or a Single Domain?" A joint book is in preparation. The Post-Doctoral Program is suspended temporarily. III. Research Working Groups a) Regional Economies and Civilizations RWG The group has been analyzing the concept of a regional economy and its definition in order to make comparative analyses of social change across regions of the world-economy as well as to analyze how particular regions have been formed. They are proceeding to a comparative analysis of various regions in Eurasia, and will also look at the specifities of the social and political movements of each region. b) Comparative Hegemonies RWG The Comparative Hegemonies RWG is preparing the final version of a book provisionally entitled Hegemonic Transitions: Chaos, Leadership,- and Governance in the Modern World-System. The book compares the transitions from Dutch to British hegemony and from British to U.S. hegemony from five different angles of vision: 1) geopolitics and high finance; 2) transformation of business enterprise; 3) social conflict and cohesion; 4) ideology and culture; 5) the coercive foundations of Western hegemonies. IV. Conferences Organized by the Fernand Braudel Center a) XIII International Colloquium on the World-Economy The XVII ICWE will be held in Vienna on Nov. 10-14, 1995. The three traditional sponsors (the Fernand Braudel Center, the Starn berger Institut, and the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme) will be joined by the local sponsor, the Renner-Institut, Wien. The theme this time is "Europe and the Third World." b) Sixth Biennial Conference on the Ottoman Empire The conference was sponsored by the Fernand Braudel Center in conjunction with the Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA) Pro- gram at Binghamton, and the Institute of Turkish Studies. It took place at Binghamton on Sept. 23-24, 1994. The theme was "Histori- ographies of the Ottoman Empire." The details of the program were given in Newsletter No. 18. V. Other Conferences a) PEWS XIX - It took place in Coral Gables, Florida on Apr. 20-22, 1995. The local sponsor was the North-South Center of the University of Miami. The sessions were: Session I: Toward a World-Historical Perspective Ram¢n Grosfoguel (Binghamton University), "From Cepalismo to Neo liberalism: A World-System Approach to Conceptual Shifts in Latin America" Paul S. Ciccantell (Kansas State Univ.) and Stephen G. Bunker (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison), "A Rising Hegemon Creates its Periphery: Latin American Raw Materials and Japan" J. Timmons Roberts (Tulane Univ.), "Globalization and the Environ- ment in Latin America: Loans, Investments, NGOs, and Treaties" Session 2: Commodity Chains Caren Addis (Rutgers Univ.), "SEBRAE Sidelines Trade Associations: Shifting Governance in Small Firm Restructuring in Brazil" Amy E. Bellone (Tulane Univ.), "The Cocaine Commodity Chain and De velopment Paths in Peru and Bolivia" David Spener (Univ. of Texas-Austin), "Small Firms, Commodity Chains, and Free Trade: The Transformation of the Texas-Mexico Border Region" John M. Talbot (Univ. of California-Berkeley), "Struggles for Con- trol of the Commodity Chain: The Instant Coffee Exports of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Cote d'Ivoire, and India" Session 3: Enterprises, Households, and Labor Markets Alvaro D¡az (Economics Ministry, Chile), "Social Inequality and Economic Growth in the 1990s: Reflections on the Chilean Model" Jos‚ Itzigsohn (Univ. of Massachusetts-Amherst), "The State, Glo balization, and the Informal Economy" Miguel Korzeniewicz (Univ. of New Mexico), "Uncertainty and Inno vation: Emerging Agendas in the Political Economy of Latin America" Richard Tardanico (Florida International Univ.), "Global Restruc turing and Urban Employment in Latin America" Keynote Address: Alejandro Portes (Johns Hopkins Univ.) Session 4: Migration Processes Norma S. Chinchilla (California State Univ.-Long Beach) and Nora Hamilton (Univ. of Southern California), "Economic Liberal- ization, Political Change and Migration: Some Observations Based on the Mexican and Central American Experience" Suzanne Jonas (Univ. of California-Santa Cruz), "Can State Policies Reverse Transnational Realities? A Case Study of Central American Immigrants/Refugees and State Policies in Mexico and the United States" Linda M. Matthei (East Texas State Univ.) and David A. Smith (Univ. of California-Irvine), "Women, Households, and Transnational Migration Networks: Global Economic Restructuring and a Central American Community" Session 5: States, Elites, Parties, and Democracy Sergio Berensztein (Univ. of North Carolina/FLASCO-Mexico), "Re building State Capacity in Latin America: The Politics of Taxation" Marcelo Cavarozzi (FLACSO-Mexico), "Parties and Party Systems in Contemporary South America: A Historical Approach" A. Douglas Kincaid (Florida International Univ.) and Eduardo A. Gamarra (Florida International Univ.), "Disorderly Democracy: Redefining Public Security in Latin America" Jeffery Paige (Univ. of Michigan), "Elite Ideology and the World- System Crisis of the 1930s in Central America" Session 6: Social Movements Susan Eckstein (Boston Univ.), "Redefining the Urban Experience? State Efforts and Social Resistance" Nancy Forsythe (Univ. of Maryland-College Park), "Old and New Anti- Systemic Movements: Accumulation, Rule, and Resistance in Latin America" Edward McCaughan (Univ. of California-Santa Cruz) and Walter L. Goldfrank (Univ. of California-Santa Cruz), "The Demise and Rise of the Latin American Left: Casta¤eda and Beyond" Bruce M. Podobnik (Johns Hopkins Univ.), "Revolutionary Terrorism in the Periphery: A Comparative Analysis of the Khmer Rouge and the Shining Path" b) PEWS XX ş The theme is "Space and Transport in the World- System." It will be held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in April, 1996. The call for papers follows: Key metaphors in world-system analysis are profoundly spatial, but there have been few systematic attempts to understand how space, location, and topography affect world-system organization and process. Most of the raw materials needed for industrial pro- duction are located in specific places with particular topographies that directly affect the organization of their extraction and pro cessing. Space and place constitute strategic advantages and obstacles- in the coordination of commodity chains. National states plan and invest around problems of space in their domestic territories as well as in their location within the world-economy. The articulation and integration of core and periphery across space depends on transport. As world-systems incorporate more space and transform more raw materials into commodities, material flows across space and matter incorporated into particular built environments- increase as well. This increase creates requirements and oppor- tunities for scale-economic innovations in railways, ports, loading and unloading equipment, and ships. These innovations increase the amounts of inflexibly sunk capital in vehicles and infrastructure, thereby fomenting incentives and pressures for ever tighter coordination of transport systems across regional and national boundaries. Because the costs and benefits of building integrated transport systems around the globe are unequally distributed, these systems contribute directly to a creation and recreation of inequa- lities and subordination in the world-system. In this sense, transport and transport systems provide a criti- cal medium for the structuring and periodic reorganization and ex pansion of the world-system. The construction and regulation of these complex systems provide a useful analytic window into the interac- tions of technological, organizational, and political change that occur as rising economies attempt to restructure world markets for raw materials and finished goods to their own advantage. Possible themes include: 1) Technical and organizational innovations in transport as a fac- tor in hegemonic ascent and decline; 2) Differentiating aspects of space and the built environment in core and periphery; 3) Transport as a component in raw materials access strategies; 4) Transport and location in the construction of commodity chains; 5) Transport as leading sector. Abstracts should be sent to: Stephen Bunker Department of Sociology 1180 Observatory Drive University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 c) The Black Experience Today: Images of Africana Self and Eurocentricity - It was sponsored by the Institute of Global Cul- tural Studies & Department of Africana Studies and co-sponsored by the Fernand Braudel Center & Society for Global Africa, Binghamton University, February 4, 1995. The program was as follows: AFRICANA IMAGES OF GENDER: ANCIENT AND MODERN Gerald E. Kadish (Binghamton University) - "Images of a Mother Goddess: Isis in Ancient Egypt" Parviz Morewedge (Binghamton University & Cornell University) - "Comments" Tiffany Patterson (Binghamton University) - "Icons of Africana: A Study in the Works of Zora Neale Hurston" THE EUROCENTRIC IMAGES OF AFRICANA: CLASSICAL AND MODERN Achim K”ddermann (SUNY Oneonta) - "Native and the Indigenous as `The Other': Africana Images in the Writings of Modern Euro- peans" Maria Grosz-Ngat‚ (Binghamton University) - "Comments" THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT: IMAGES OF AFRICA Omari H. Kokole (Binghamton University) - "Time and Ecophilia in African Culture" Laura Westra (University of Windsor) - "The African Environment and Corporate Ethics" VI. Colloquium on Culture and the World-System The Colloquium is sponsored by the Fernand Braudel Center and the Institute for Global Cultural Studies, and is organized by An thony King and Ali Mazrui. The theme for 1994-95 was "Western Theories- vs. Third World Realities." The sessions were as follows: September 22: Kelvin Santiago (Sociology Department, Binghamton University), "The Limits of Traditional Political Economy in Doing Late Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Caribbean Social History" October 6: Richard Moench (Anthropology Department, Binghamton University), "Brothers and Anthropological Others" November 10: Tiffany Patterson (History Department, Binghamton Uni- versity), "Culture, Identity, and Consciousness: Zora Neale Hurston and the Ethnographic/Literary Critique of Capitalist Relations" February 2: Nkiru Nzegwu (Philosophy, Art History & Africana Stu-- dies Departments, Binghamton University), "Sweeping Out Africa with Mother Europe's Broom: A Post-Colonial Sacrifice for Ap piah" David Cingranelli (Political Science Department, Binghamton Uni- versity), "Human Rights and United States Foreign Policy" David Lloyd (English Department, Univ. of California-Berkeley), "The Memory of Hunger: Hunger Striking and Subaltern Nationa lisms in Ireland" VII. Publications a) Review The contents of vol. XVIII, 1995 were as follows: 1, Winter LABOR UNREST IN THE WORLD-ECONOMY, 1870-1990 Beverly J. Silver, Giovanni Arrighi & Melvyn Dubofsky Special Editors Beverly Silver, Giovanni Introduction Arrighi & Melvyn Dubofsky Part I: The World Labor Research Working Group Project: Research Design Beverly J. Silver Labor Unrest and World-Systems Analysis: Premises, Concepts, and Measurement Jamie F. Dangler The Times (London) and the New York Times as Sources on World Labor Unrest Part II: Country Reliability Studies Giovanni Arrighi Labor Unrest in Italy, 1880-1990 Mark Selden Labor Unrest in China, 1831-1990 Mark Beittel Labor Unrest in South Africa, 1870-1990 Roberto P. Korzeniewicz Labor Unrest in Argentina, 1906-90 Donald Quataert Labor Unrest in Egypt, 1906-90 Melvyn Dubofsky Labor Unrest in the United States, 1906-90 John Casparis & Giovanni Arrighi Labor Unrest in Germany, 1906-90 Part III: World-Scale Patterns Beverly J. Silver World-Scale Patterns of Labor- Capital Conflict: Labor Un-- rest, Long Waves, and Cycles of World Hegemony Appendices World Labor Group Data Collection Instructions World Labor Group Geographical Spread of Mentions of Labor Unrest, 1906-90 2, Spring Terisa E. Turner & Not in Our Nature: The Male Deal Craig S. Benjamin and Corporate Solutions to the Debt-Nature Crisis EARLY MODERN EUROPE Hans-Heinrich Nolte Internal Peripheries: From Andalucia to Tatarstan Salvatore Ciriacono Land Reclamation: Dutch Wind- mills, Private Enterprises, and State Intervention Carl H.A. Dassbach, Long Waves Prior to 1790: A Modest Nurhan Davutyan, Contribution Jianping Dong & Barry Fay ON HISTORIOGRAPHY Bernard Lepetit Les Annales aujourd'hui Ian Phimister Africa Partitioned 3, Summer Tony Porter Innovation in Global Finance: Impact on Hegemony and Growth since 1000 AD Tieting Su Changes in World Trade Networks: 1938, 1960, 1990 Terry Boswell & Cycles and Trends in the Early Joya Misra Capitalist World-Economy: An Analysis of Leading Sector Commodity Trades, 1500-1600/50-1750 Said Chikhi Question ouvriŠre et rapports sociaux en Alg‚rie 4, Fall Hayward R. Alker If Not Huntington's "Civilizations" Then Whose? THE WORLD-SYSTEM SEEN IN A MEXICAN PRISM Miguel De Oliver Structural Consolidation: The Colorado Delta Region, 1900-10 Kathleen C. Schwartzman The Historical and Global Nature of Dependent Development: A Time Series Analysis of Brazil and Mexico, 1901-80 Edward J. McCaughan National Autonomy in the New World Order: Perspectives from Cuba and Mexico Pablo Gonz lez Casanova Lo Particular y lo universal a fines del siglo XX b) Papers delivered at conferences and available upon request. Immanuel Wallerstein (1994). "What Hope Africa? What Hope the World?," paper presented at conference on "A Road to Development ş Africa in the 21st Century," Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, Oct. 13-15. Immanuel Wallerstein (1994). "History in Search of Science," paper presented at International Meeting, "With Darwin Beyond Descartes: The `Historical' Concepts of Nature and the Overcoming of the `Two Cultures'," Departments of Physics and of History and Geography, Univ. of Pavia, November 17-19. Mark Selden (1995). "China, Japan and the Regional Political Economy of East Asia, 1945-1995," paper presented at the Japan in Asia Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, April 25. Immanuel Wallerstein (1995). "The Interstate Structure of The Mod ern World-System," paper presented at Conference to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the World's First Department of International Politics, "After Positivism," Univ. of Wales at Aberystwyth, July 1-3. VIII. Visiting Research Associates July-Oct. 1994: Sergei Shilovtsev, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Sept.-Nov. 1994: Teivo Teivainen, Iberoamerican Research Center, University of Helsinki Sept.-Oct. 1994: Mauro DiMeglio, Sociology Department, University of Pisa, Italy Jan. 95-Jan. 96: Jae-kwang Lee, reporter for "The Economist," Seoul, Korea April-July 1995: Nikolai Rozov, Philosophy Department, Novosibirsk State University, Russia IX. Public Lectures Sept. 8, 1994: Christopher Lloyd, Economic History, Univ. of New England, Australia, "Historical Economics or the History of Institutional Structuring? From Theory to Historical Complex ity," co-sponsored by History Oct. 20, 1994: Sergei Shilovtsev, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russia, "Implications of Japanese Hypergrowth for Long Waves Research" Nov. 14, 1994: Michael Hanchard, DuBois Inst., Harvard University, "Black Cinderella: Race and the Public Sphere in Brazil," co-spon- sored with Dept. of Africana Studies, Affirmative Action, Dean of Arts and Sciences, History, Latin American and Caribbean Area Studies, Political Science, Sociology, TRIP Nov. 17, 1994: Archie Shepp, Jazz performance, sponsored by Afri-- cana Studies April 24, 1995: Partha Nath Mukherjee, Indian Statistical Insti- tute, New Delhi, "Ethnic Movements: Democracy and Nation- Building in India," co-sponsored by Asian and Asian American Studies, Institute of Global Cultural Studies, History, Soc- iology